Case Studies from the Dinaric Karst of Slovenia

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tributions. The first phase was rich in generalideas and poor in real analyses (Roglić 1974).The second phase of karst researchThe previous research, including Penck-Grundconcept did not resolve the problem of thewater circulation through fractures, fissures,and joints and its relation to the evolution ofkarst relief. This was explained by Vienna’sgeomorphology group member O. Lehman(1932). According to nearly forgotten Terzaghi’smarginal corrosion Kayser (1934) explainsthe plains at the border of Skadar Lake (Montenegro).Roglić (1938) describes and explainsaccordingly to the theory of a border corrosionsuch terraces of the Dinaric poljes. The newconcept was largely adopted by the authors ofdifferent general or specialised works relatedFig. 6: The book Das Karstphänomen of Jovan Cvijić wasa pioneering monograph and marked the beginning ofmodern karst studies (Shaw 1992).to Dinaric karst. The example is the work ofA. Melik, Slovenia and Sima M. Milojević, Serbia.ConclusionThe second phase was tragically interruptedby the 2 nd World War. Soon after thewar investigations of karst morphology wererevived and increased in volume as well as inintensity in an essentially different way thanthose in the past. In the post-war period thereare global scientific contacts and exchanges.The different countries are easily accessible.Observations and data are multiplying, conceptsare modified and combined, sophisticatedmethods, based on computer and digitaltechnologies are widely used. With more exactobservations and data, the correspondingconclusions have been improved. In the areaof Dinaric karst specially, important practicalwork in the prospection and exploitation ofore deposits has been carried out, as well asthe construction of accumulation basins, hydroelectricpower plants, tunnels, railways,and motorways. Scientific concepts have necessarilybecome adapted to new ideas andfacts. So the Dinaric karst has given a lot ofdata and other material to study, there were agreat number of authors and even much greaternumber of professional and amateur works,there are new centres working on Dinarickarst, there are specialised journals, meetingsfrom the World congresses to local symposia.But the same can be said for the karst all overthe world. New theories and concepts areelaborated on the knowledge of other karsts,not the Dinaric one. So this contribution endssomewhere with the 2 nd World War. On onehand it would require too much work and timeto analyse in detail the imposing investigationsof the Dinaric karst in the last 60 years, and onthe other hand, regarding the investigations ofthe karst worldwide it would be too difficult tofind out the role, the importance and the influenceof the Dinaric karst studies upon thegeneral karstology.13
GeologyNadja Zupan HajnaThe Dinaric karst is geographically and geologicallypart of the Dinarsko gorovje (Dinaricmountains; Dinarides) and includes all of theExternal Dinarides and some parts of the InternalDinarides (Fig. 7).According to some authors (for instance,Schmid et al. 2004), from a tectonics perspectivethe Dinarides (Dinaric Alps) include theSouthern Limestone Alps, External and InternalDinarides. Other researchers (for instance:Placer 1999, 2008; Tari 2002; Kastelic et al.2008) take the view that only the External andInternal Dinarides are included.The geological evolution of the Dinarides isclosely associated with the history of the TethysOcean, which closed during the Mesozoicand Cenozoic as a result of the convergence ofthe Africa and Eurasian Plates. Intermediatemicroplates played an important role in oceanshortening. The present geological structuresresulted from post-collision processes in theAlpine orogenic system, which started beforeabout 35 Ma (Vrabec & Fodor 2006).The Dinaric karst denotes an area withinthe Dinaric Mountain System, confined mostlyto the External Dinarides, which consists predominantlyof Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceouslimestones and dolomites; see the Geologicalmap (Fig. 8). Geological data (i.e.,Vlahović etal. 2002) indicate that the External Dinarideswere formed by the destruction of a single,(yet, in morphological terms, highly variable)shallow water carbonate platform. The platformwas very dynamic in some periods becauseof its paleogeographic position duringthe Mesozoic, especially during the Late Creta-Fig. 7: Simplified tectonicmap of Dinaric Mountains(after Schmid et al. 2004;Šumanovac et al. 2009).14
Page 2 and 3: Andrej Mihevc, Mitja Prelovšek, Na
Page 4 and 5: ContentsGeographical Position and G
Page 7 and 8: Fig. 2: Coastal part of Dinaric kar
Page 9 and 10: ogy started. In 1531 a lawyer from
Page 11: include numerous data and general o
Page 15 and 16: ceous. The final disintegration of
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 11: Locations of Jelar Breccia
Page 19 and 20: ClimateMitja PrelovšekThe Dinaric
Page 21 and 22: 311 mm/a; Zaninović 2008) and incr
Page 23 and 24: 24Fig. 16: Spatial distribution of
Page 25 and 26: ocks (such as Eocene flysch, Lower
Page 27 and 28: absent. Downstreamparts of the cany
Page 29 and 30: GeomorphologyAndrej MihevcIn folk l
Page 31 and 32: long. They are smoother especially
Page 33 and 34: is now depositing. Best known are t
Page 35 and 36: Structural poljes are dominated by
Page 37 and 38: Fig. 28: Typical dolines of Dinaric
Page 39 and 40: the disintegrated collapsed rock at
Page 41 and 42: on Northern Velebit, where three ca
Page 43 and 44: Land UseNadja Zupan Hajna, Andrej M
Page 45 and 46: for ‘bare limestone desert’ -th
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 38: Grančarevo dam in the upp
Page 49 and 50: KrasThe Kras is a distinct plateau,
Page 51 and 52: in this part of the Kras (Mihevc 20
Page 53 and 54: dolomite barrier along the Idrija w
Page 55 and 56: of Dolenjska (Gams, 1974; Kranjc, 1
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 44: Blind valleys of Matarsko
Page 59 and 60: ly several dozen meters deep. Shaft
Page 61 and 62: smaller than the higher ones. The r
Page 63 and 64:
tion in the Divaški kras (Mihevc 1
Page 65 and 66:
Use of Karst and its ProtectionThe
Page 67 and 68:
Gams, I., Vrišer, I. (Eds.), 1998:
Page 69 and 70:
lems.- Dela 38, Raziskovalni center
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Case Studies from the Dinaric Karst of Slovenia

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