Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual (1998)

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Reproduction:-List length of estrous cycles observed in your females, please give females age:F1(age)______ Length of estrous cycle__________________________________F2(age)______ Length of estrous cycle__________________________________-What is the duration of estrus seen in your females? Please give females age and duration ofestrus:F1(age)______Estrus duration________________________________________F2(age)______Estrus duration________________________________________-Please check any environmental cues that influence estrous:photo period • temperature • humidity • other • (explain)_____________-Please be specific about above listed environmental changes, (i.e. hi or low temp.,what temp., etc.).-How long has the breeding pair been together? ________________________-How old were they when introduced? Male__________ Female__________-At what age did they first show breeding behavior? Male_______ Female_____-At what age did they first breed successfully? Male__________ Female______- Are breeding pairs separated before or after estrus?________-If yes, how and for how long?________________________________________-If the breeding pair is housed in a group please give sex and ages of other group members:Males __________ Females____________________ _____________________ ___________-If you have multiple males do they compete for females?______________-If yes, what are the ages of the competing males?_________________________-Where does copulation occur?In the water_________ On land_____________ Out of sight of public________-Copulation is initiated by:Male_____Female_____Both_____ (please give a % of time).-Do other group members interfere with copulation? Never___Seldom___Frequently___Which sex?____________________ What age?________________________-Does copulation occur dorsal/ventral_________ ventral/ventral ___________________-How long does the copulatory act last?_____________________________________-How frequently does copulation occur?____________________________________Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual/Survey Questions92
-What is the breeding season for your otters?_______________________________-Has this varied from year to year?_________________________________-If yes, how?____________________________________________-Is a pregnant female separated from the group?___________________________-If yes, when and how (kept in a holding, separate exhibit, etc.)___________-If she is separated, is she kept alone?__________ With another animal (give age,sex and relationship of other animal)?___________________________________________________________________________________________________-Please fill in the following information for all litters born at your institution:Litter 1: Sire________ Dam________ Group sex ratio_______Breeding on_________ Born on__________ Sex ration of litter________Age of Dam_________Age of sire:_______Pups surviving: 0-10 days__________10-30 days_________30-60 days_________60-90 days_________90-1year___________over 1yr____________Litter 2: Sire_______ Dam________ Group sex ratio_______Breeding on_________ Born on__________ Sex ration of litter________Age of Dam_________Age of sire:_______Pups surviving: 0-10 days__________10-30 days_________30-60 days_________60-90 days_________90-1year___________over 1yr____________Litter 3: Sire________ Dam________ Group sex ratio_______Breeding on_________ Born on__________ Sex ration of litter________Age of Dam_________Age of sire:_______Pups surviving: 0-10 days__________10-30 days_________30-60 days_________60-90 days_________90-1year___________over 1yr____________(If more space is required please use back of page)Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual/Survey Questions93
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IntroductionStatus……………
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Enrichment……………………
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Status of Asian OttersThe Red List
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NUTRITION AND DIETMike Maslanka and
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included a wide variety of fish (ca
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As mentioned previously, several ba
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Newborn and/or weakened cubs should
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chitin addition, special prescripti
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Table 1.3.Analyzed nutrient content
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NutrientGroundHorsemeatNebraskaFeli
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Asian Small- Clawed Otter Husbandry
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Appendix 1.2. Manufacturer Contacts
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AudubonBermuda AquariumBirmingham Z
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Health CareKristine R. Petrini, DVM
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ISIS normal reference values for Ao
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• Serum should be banked.• Urin
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5 mg/kg SC or POPreshipment examina
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Injectable anesthetic agents can be
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• Serum, (antemortem or postmorte
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Diseases of the Asian small-clawed
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procedure can help minimize bacteri
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Concurrent infection with calicivir
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Dracunculus insignis ("Guinea worm"
Page 51 and 52: eeding season. The alopecia most co
Page 53 and 54: Laboratory Studies: (List bacterial
Page 55 and 56: GROSS EXAMINATIONGeneral Condition:
Page 57 and 58: Nervous and Sensory Systems: (Brain
Page 59 and 60: Copulatory bouts occur on land and
Page 61 and 62: Asian Small Clawed Otter (Aonyx cin
Page 63 and 64: HousingOtters are land animals that
Page 65 and 66: The holding area should include:A p
Page 67: EnrichmentCage FurnitureArtificial
Page 71 and 72: plays a very active role in rearing
Page 73 and 74: Action Plan for Asian OttersPat Fos
Page 75 and 76: Hairy-Nosed Otter--(Lutra sumatrana
Page 77 and 78: 4. Environmental and other factors
Page 79 and 80: 1. The otter species probably disap
Page 81 and 82: IndonesiaSpecies PresentAsian small
Page 83 and 84: 1. Analyses of dead otters and of t
Page 85 and 86: 2. People kill otters because of su
Page 87 and 88: Legal StatusOtters have been on the
Page 89 and 90: 4. Disturbance by human settlement.
Page 91 and 92: Legal StatusNo information availabl
Page 93 and 94: Species PresentEurasian otterStatus
Page 95 and 96: Health:-Do you perform regular rout
Page 97 and 98: -Do you regularly weigh your animal
Page 99 and 100: Vegetables-Apple __________________
Page 101: -Are there any diagnosed nutritiona
Page 105 and 106: -Have you observed any indication o
Page 107 and 108: -How often and how much of the wate
Page 109 and 110: Behavior and Social Organization:-W
Page 111 and 112: Foster-Turley, P. 1992. Conservatio
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Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual (1998)

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