Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual (1998)

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CrabFish (general)Gobiodei (mudskippers)Anabantidae (specific fish family)Snakes (general)Trichogaster spp. (fish spp.)Anabis testudineusAmphibians (general)Rattus spp.SnailClarias spp. (fish spp.)* From Foster-Turley, 1992.Table 1.2. Percent distribution of food items included in the representative diets of captiveASC otters (as fed: 1997/98 survey results).Audubon Zoo Brookfield Zoo WCS (Bronx) Minnesota - Fish* Minnesota -Meat*53% Capelin33% Smelt7.1% Mackerel6.4% Herring0.2% Corn Oil0.1%Multivitamin 10.1% Vitamin E0.1% Thiamin58% Otter Mix 230% Fish 38% Ribs2% Dog food2%Invertebrates50% FelineDiet 418% Capelin18%Carrot/Yam14% GreensThiamin/E28.6% Capelin 100%FelineDiet 428.6% Mackerel28.6% Herring14.3% Smelt1.9% Corn Oil0.2% Thiamin/EMultivitamin 1* Two experimental diets have been used at the Minnesota Zoo: a fish based diet and meat based diet.These diets have been used to examine the incidence of renal calculi (Petrini, et al. 1996).1 Multivitamin was a Children’s Multivitamin (Audubon) and A-Z Multivitamin (Minnesota).2 Otter mix contains 30% low calorie dog food, 27.6% Nebraska ground horsemeat, 14.9% ground beefheart, 12.3% water, 9.1% ground cat food, 2.7% poultry fat, 2.1% beet pulp, 0.58% CaCO3, 0.44% oil,0.3% theralin substitute, 0.0001% Rovimix-E.3 Fish includes capelin, smelt, and herring.4 Feline diet is the Nebraska Brand Feline Diet (see manufacturer contacts, Appendix 2).Asian Small- Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual/Nutrition Section- 10 -
Table 1.3.Analyzed nutrient content of representative diets offered to captive ASC otters (drymatter basis).*Nutrient AudubonZoo DietBrookfield ZooDietWCS(Bronx) DietMinnesotaFish DietMinnesotaMeat DietDry Matter, %CrudeProtein%Fat, %Fiber, %Ash, %Na, %Ca, %P, %K, %Mg, %Zn, mg/kgCu, mg/kgMn, mg/kgFe, mg/kg25.366.624.11.029.560.433.261.141.440.1857.32.18-70.856.042.918.44.56.20.270.820.550.900.1254.77.366.8154.160.653.736.6---1.31.1------24.868.118.951.210.40.791.561.671.50.1678.83.344.69103.539.347.837.92.86.50.320.960.780.880.173.57.918.6483*Diets were analyzed at multiple sites (based on institution affiliation and/or preference).- Indicates unknown value.Table 1.4. Target nutrient ranges on a dry matter basis for Asian Small-Clawed Otters (drymatter basis).ItemTarget Nutrient Range*Energy, kcal/g 3.6-4.0Asian Small- Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual/Nutrition Section- 11 -
Page 2 and 3: IntroductionStatus……………
Page 4 and 5: Enrichment……………………
Page 6 and 7: Status of Asian OttersThe Red List
Page 9 and 10: NUTRITION AND DIETMike Maslanka and
Page 11 and 12: included a wide variety of fish (ca
Page 13 and 14: As mentioned previously, several ba
Page 15 and 16: Newborn and/or weakened cubs should
Page 17: chitin addition, special prescripti
Page 21 and 22: NutrientGroundHorsemeatNebraskaFeli
Page 23 and 24: Asian Small- Clawed Otter Husbandry
Page 25 and 26: Appendix 1.2. Manufacturer Contacts
Page 27 and 28: AudubonBermuda AquariumBirmingham Z
Page 31 and 32: Health CareKristine R. Petrini, DVM
Page 33 and 34: ISIS normal reference values for Ao
Page 35 and 36: • Serum should be banked.• Urin
Page 37 and 38: 5 mg/kg SC or POPreshipment examina
Page 39 and 40: Injectable anesthetic agents can be
Page 41 and 42: • Serum, (antemortem or postmorte
Page 43 and 44: Diseases of the Asian small-clawed
Page 45 and 46: procedure can help minimize bacteri
Page 47 and 48: Concurrent infection with calicivir
Page 49 and 50: Dracunculus insignis ("Guinea worm"
Page 51 and 52: eeding season. The alopecia most co
Page 53 and 54: Laboratory Studies: (List bacterial
Page 55 and 56: GROSS EXAMINATIONGeneral Condition:
Page 57 and 58: Nervous and Sensory Systems: (Brain
Page 59 and 60: Copulatory bouts occur on land and
Page 61 and 62: Asian Small Clawed Otter (Aonyx cin
Page 63 and 64: HousingOtters are land animals that
Page 65 and 66: The holding area should include:A p
Page 67: EnrichmentCage FurnitureArtificial
Page 71 and 72:
plays a very active role in rearing
Page 73 and 74:
Action Plan for Asian OttersPat Fos
Page 75 and 76:
Hairy-Nosed Otter--(Lutra sumatrana
Page 77 and 78:
4. Environmental and other factors
Page 79 and 80:
1. The otter species probably disap
Page 81 and 82:
IndonesiaSpecies PresentAsian small
Page 83 and 84:
1. Analyses of dead otters and of t
Page 85 and 86:
2. People kill otters because of su
Page 87 and 88:
Legal StatusOtters have been on the
Page 89 and 90:
4. Disturbance by human settlement.
Page 91 and 92:
Legal StatusNo information availabl
Page 93 and 94:
Species PresentEurasian otterStatus
Page 95 and 96:
Health:-Do you perform regular rout
Page 97 and 98:
-Do you regularly weigh your animal
Page 99 and 100:
Vegetables-Apple __________________
Page 101 and 102:
-Are there any diagnosed nutritiona
Page 103 and 104:
-What is the breeding season for yo
Page 105 and 106:
-Have you observed any indication o
Page 107 and 108:
-How often and how much of the wate
Page 109 and 110:
Behavior and Social Organization:-W
Page 111 and 112:
Foster-Turley, P. 1992. Conservatio
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Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual (1998)

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