Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual (1998)

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IntroductionStatus……………………………………………………………SSP Members…………………………………………………...Management Group Members…………………………………..Husbandry Manual Group……………………………………….IV-VIIVV-VIVIVI-VIIChapter 1—Nutrition & diet 1-18Feeding Ecology…………………………………………………. 1Target Dietary Nutrient Values………………………………….. 2Food Items Available to Zoos……………………………………. 2Zoo Diet Summary……………………………………………….. 2-4Recommendations for Feeding…………………………………… 4-6Hand Rearing/Infant Diet………………………………………… 6-7Alternative Diets…………………………………………………. 7-8Reported Health Problems Associated with Diet………………… 8-9Future Research Needs…………………………………………… 9Table 1.1 & 1.2…………………………………………….…….. 10Table 1.3…………………………………………………………. 11Table 1.4 ….…………………………………………………….. 12Table 1.5,1.6 & 1.7……………………………………………… 13Survey Diet Summary……………………………………..……. 14-15Appendix 1.1…………………………………………………….. 16Appendix 1.2…………..…………………………………..…….. 17-18Chapter 2—Health 19 - 47Introduction………………………………………………………. 19Physiological norms…………………………………………….. 19Blood baseline values……………………………………………. 19-20Medical Records………………………………………………….. 21Identification…………………………………………………….. 21Preventive Health Care………………………………………….. 21-22Immunization……………………………………………………. 22Parasites…………………………………………………………. 23Pre-shipment examination recommendations…………………… 24Quarantine………………………………………………………. 24Control of Reproduction………………………………………… 24-25Immobilization/anesthesia……………………………………… 25-26Necropsy Protocol……………………………………………… 26-28Tissues to be saved…………………………………………….. 29Table of Contents/IntroductionI
Diseases of Asian Small-Clawed Otters………………………… 30-39Urolithiasis……………………………………………………. 30-31Dental Disease………………………………………………… 31-32General Mustelid Diseases……………………………………….. 32-39Viral Diseases…………………………………………………... 32-33Bacterial Diseases………………………………………………. 34-35Mycotic Disease………………………………………………… 35Parasites………………………………………………………… 35-37Miscellaneous Diseases………………………………………… 37-39Small-Clawed Otter Squeeze Box Recommendations…………… 40Urolith analysis Request Sample Form…………………………… 41AZA Contraceptive Pathology Survey……………………………. 42Necropsy Report Sample Form…………………………………… 43-46Prescription Diet-Feline c/dº……………………………………… 47-48Chapter 3--Reproduction 49-52Reproductive biology…………………………………………….. 49Estrous……………………………………………………………. 49Age at first breeding……………………………………………… 49Factors affecting breeding behavior……………………………… 49Courtship Behavior………………………………………………. 49Copulation………………………………………………………… 49-50Management for breeding and/or parturition…………………….. 50Gestation…………………………………………………………. 50Litter size and pup sex ratios…………………………………….. 50Inter-birth Intervals………………………………………………. 50Diet………………………………………………………………. 50Parturition……………………………………………………….. 50-51Pup Development……………………………………………….. 51Behavior of group towards pups………………………………… 51Age pups separated………………………………………………. 51Pup diet…………………………………………………………... 51Pup Weight Ranges………………………………………………. 52Chapter 4—Captive Management 53-60Housing and Enclosure Recommendations………………………. 53-55Minimum Accommodation Requirements (Table 4.1)…………... 53Water Quality…………………………………………………….. 55Live Plants………………………………………………………… 55Holding Area……………………………………………………… 55-56Den Boxes………………………………………………………… 57Minimum Den Accommodation Requirements (Table 2)………. 57Capture and Restraint…………………………………………….. 57Successful Introductions…………………………………………. 57Shipping………………………………………………………….. 57Table of Contents/IntroductionII
Page 4 and 5: Enrichment……………………
Page 6 and 7: Status of Asian OttersThe Red List
Page 9 and 10: NUTRITION AND DIETMike Maslanka and
Page 11 and 12: included a wide variety of fish (ca
Page 13 and 14: As mentioned previously, several ba
Page 15 and 16: Newborn and/or weakened cubs should
Page 17 and 18: chitin addition, special prescripti
Page 19 and 20: Table 1.3.Analyzed nutrient content
Page 21 and 22: NutrientGroundHorsemeatNebraskaFeli
Page 23 and 24: Asian Small- Clawed Otter Husbandry
Page 25 and 26: Appendix 1.2. Manufacturer Contacts
Page 27 and 28: AudubonBermuda AquariumBirmingham Z
Page 31 and 32: Health CareKristine R. Petrini, DVM
Page 33 and 34: ISIS normal reference values for Ao
Page 35 and 36: • Serum should be banked.• Urin
Page 37 and 38: 5 mg/kg SC or POPreshipment examina
Page 39 and 40: Injectable anesthetic agents can be
Page 41 and 42: • Serum, (antemortem or postmorte
Page 43 and 44: Diseases of the Asian small-clawed
Page 45 and 46: procedure can help minimize bacteri
Page 47 and 48: Concurrent infection with calicivir
Page 49 and 50: Dracunculus insignis ("Guinea worm"
Page 51 and 52: eeding season. The alopecia most co
Page 53 and 54:
Laboratory Studies: (List bacterial
Page 55 and 56:
GROSS EXAMINATIONGeneral Condition:
Page 57 and 58:
Nervous and Sensory Systems: (Brain
Page 59 and 60:
Copulatory bouts occur on land and
Page 61 and 62:
Asian Small Clawed Otter (Aonyx cin
Page 63 and 64:
HousingOtters are land animals that
Page 65 and 66:
The holding area should include:A p
Page 67:
EnrichmentCage FurnitureArtificial
Page 71 and 72:
plays a very active role in rearing
Page 73 and 74:
Action Plan for Asian OttersPat Fos
Page 75 and 76:
Hairy-Nosed Otter--(Lutra sumatrana
Page 77 and 78:
4. Environmental and other factors
Page 79 and 80:
1. The otter species probably disap
Page 81 and 82:
IndonesiaSpecies PresentAsian small
Page 83 and 84:
1. Analyses of dead otters and of t
Page 85 and 86:
2. People kill otters because of su
Page 87 and 88:
Legal StatusOtters have been on the
Page 89 and 90:
4. Disturbance by human settlement.
Page 91 and 92:
Legal StatusNo information availabl
Page 93 and 94:
Species PresentEurasian otterStatus
Page 95 and 96:
Health:-Do you perform regular rout
Page 97 and 98:
-Do you regularly weigh your animal
Page 99 and 100:
Vegetables-Apple __________________
Page 101 and 102:
-Are there any diagnosed nutritiona
Page 103 and 104:
-What is the breeding season for yo
Page 105 and 106:
-Have you observed any indication o
Page 107 and 108:
-How often and how much of the wate
Page 109 and 110:
Behavior and Social Organization:-W
Page 111 and 112:
Foster-Turley, P. 1992. Conservatio
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Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual (1998)

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