Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual (1998)

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AAFCO. 1994. Association of American Feed Control Officials, Inc.AZA Minimum Husbandry Guidelines, AZA Publication, Oglebay Park, Wheeling, WV.Baer, D.J., M.E. Allen, and J. Letcher. 1994. Use of Natural and Processed Diets for Small-Clawed Otters (Aonyx cinerea). Proc. AAZV Conf. Pittsburgh, PA.Bernard, J. and D.E. Ullrey. 1989. Evaluation of dietary husbandry of marine mammals at twomajor zoological parks. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 20: 45-52.Burnette, C. 1994. “Hand-rearing Mustelids” in The AZA Infant Diet Notebook. AZAPublication, Oglebay Park, Wheeling, WV.Calle, P. 1988. Asian Small-Clawed Otter (Aonyx cinerea): Urolithiasis prevalence in NorthAmerica. Zoo Biol. 7: 233-242.DuPlaix-Hall, N. 1975. “River Otters in Captivity” in Breeding Endangered Species in Captivity.R.D. Martin, Ed. Academic Press, London.Earle, K.E. and P.M. Smith. 1993. “A Balanced Diet for Dogs and Cats” in The Waltham Book ofCompanion Animal Nutrition. I.H. Burger, Ed. Pergamon Press, New York, NY.Engberg, R.M., K. Jakobsen, C.F. Borsting, and H. Gjern. 1993. On the utilization, retention,and status of vitamin E in mink (Mustela vison) under dietary oxidative stress. J. Anim. Physiol.69: 66-78.Engelhardt, F.R. and J.R. Geraci. 1978. Effects of Experimental Vitamin E Deprivation in theHarp Seal (Phoca groenlandica). Can. J. Zool. 56: 2186-2193.Engfer, S. 1986. Asian Small-Clawed Otter (Aonyx cinerea) North American Regional Studbook.AZA Publication. Oglebay Park, Wheeling, WV.Foster-Turley, P. 1985. Asian Small-Clawed Otter (Aonyx cinerea) North American RegionalStudbook. AZA Publication. Oglebay Park, Wheeling, WV.Foster-Turley, P. and S. Engfer. 1988. The Species Survival Plan for the Asian Small-ClawedOtter (Aonyx cinerea). Int. Zoo Yrbk. 27: 79-84.Foster-Turley, P., 1990. “Otters in Captivity” in Otters. An Action Plan for Their Conservation.Foster-Turley, P., S. MacDonald & C. Mason (eds.), 1990. IUCN/SSC Otter Specialist Group,Gland,17-19.Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual/Literature Cited100
Foster-Turley, P. 1992. Conservation Ecology of Sympatric Asian Otters (Aonyx cinerea andLutra perspicillata) . Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Florida.Foster-Turely, P., 1998. “Otter Fishing in Bangladesh” in Asian Otter Newsletter. Newsletter ofthe IUCN/SSP Otter Specialist Group (Asian Section). Volume 5 (1) 13-14.IATA 1997. “Containment Requirements” in Live Animal Regulations, 24 th Edition. October 1,1997. Montreal-Geneva.International Species Information System. 1998. MedARKS Physiological Data ReferenceValues-1998. Apple Valley, MN.Lancaster, W.E. 1975. Exhibiting and breeding the Asian small-clawed otter (Amblonyx cinerea)at Adelaide Zoo. Int. Zoo. Yrbk. 15: 63-65.Lewis, J.C.M. 1991. Reversible immobilization of Asian small-clawed otters with medetomidineand ketamine. Vet. Record 128: 86-87.National Research Council. 1987. Vitamin Tolerances of Animals. National Academy Press,Washington, D.C.National Research Council. 1986. Nutrient Requirements of Cats. National Academy Press,Washington, D.C.National Research Council. 1982. Nutrient Requirements of Mink and Foxes. NationalAcademy Press, Washington, D.C.Partridge, J. and M. Jordan. 1995. Husbandry Handbook for Mustelids. The Association ofBritish Wild Animal Keepers. Top Copy, Bristol, U.K.Pennington, J.A.T. 1989. Bowes and Church’s Food Values of Portions Commonly Used. 15 thEd. Harper and Row Publishers, New York, NY.Petrini, K.R. 1992. The medical management and disease of mustelids. Proc. Am. Assoc. ZooVet. 1992: 116-135.Petrini, K., L.J. Trechsel, D.M. Wilson, and J.H. Bergert. 1996. The effects of an all fish diet onurinary metabolites and calcium oxalate supersaturation of Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyxcinerea). Proc AAZV Conf. Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.Petrini DVM, K., 1998. “Health Care Section” in Asian Small Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual.Asian Small Clawed Otter SSP, Columbus Zoological Park 18-32.Robbins, C.T. 1993. Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition. 2 nd Ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual/Literature Cited101
Page 2 and 3:
IntroductionStatus……………
Page 4 and 5:
Enrichment……………………
Page 6 and 7:
Status of Asian OttersThe Red List
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NUTRITION AND DIETMike Maslanka and
Page 11 and 12:
included a wide variety of fish (ca
Page 13 and 14:
As mentioned previously, several ba
Page 15 and 16:
Newborn and/or weakened cubs should
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chitin addition, special prescripti
Page 19 and 20:
Table 1.3.Analyzed nutrient content
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NutrientGroundHorsemeatNebraskaFeli
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Asian Small- Clawed Otter Husbandry
Page 25 and 26:
Appendix 1.2. Manufacturer Contacts
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AudubonBermuda AquariumBirmingham Z
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Health CareKristine R. Petrini, DVM
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ISIS normal reference values for Ao
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• Serum should be banked.• Urin
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5 mg/kg SC or POPreshipment examina
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Injectable anesthetic agents can be
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• Serum, (antemortem or postmorte
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Diseases of the Asian small-clawed
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procedure can help minimize bacteri
Page 47 and 48:
Concurrent infection with calicivir
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Dracunculus insignis ("Guinea worm"
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eeding season. The alopecia most co
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Laboratory Studies: (List bacterial
Page 55 and 56:
GROSS EXAMINATIONGeneral Condition:
Page 57 and 58:
Nervous and Sensory Systems: (Brain
Page 59 and 60: Copulatory bouts occur on land and
Page 61 and 62: Asian Small Clawed Otter (Aonyx cin
Page 63 and 64: HousingOtters are land animals that
Page 65 and 66: The holding area should include:A p
Page 67: EnrichmentCage FurnitureArtificial
Page 71 and 72: plays a very active role in rearing
Page 73 and 74: Action Plan for Asian OttersPat Fos
Page 75 and 76: Hairy-Nosed Otter--(Lutra sumatrana
Page 77 and 78: 4. Environmental and other factors
Page 79 and 80: 1. The otter species probably disap
Page 81 and 82: IndonesiaSpecies PresentAsian small
Page 83 and 84: 1. Analyses of dead otters and of t
Page 85 and 86: 2. People kill otters because of su
Page 87 and 88: Legal StatusOtters have been on the
Page 89 and 90: 4. Disturbance by human settlement.
Page 91 and 92: Legal StatusNo information availabl
Page 93 and 94: Species PresentEurasian otterStatus
Page 95 and 96: Health:-Do you perform regular rout
Page 97 and 98: -Do you regularly weigh your animal
Page 99 and 100: Vegetables-Apple __________________
Page 101 and 102: -Are there any diagnosed nutritiona
Page 103 and 104: -What is the breeding season for yo
Page 105 and 106: -Have you observed any indication o
Page 107 and 108: -How often and how much of the wate
Page 109: Behavior and Social Organization:-W
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Asian Small-Clawed Otter Husbandry Manual (1998)

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