ÏÏÏÎ¹Î±ÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ· - ÎÎÎ¤Î ÎÎ±ÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎÏ ÎÎºÎ´ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï

More documents

Recommendations

Info

282 C. Christodoulou et al PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010Table 2. Comparison between the groups of subjects regarding psychometric dataMedicine Psychiatric Controls poutpatientsoutpatientsNumber 95 79 90HADS total mean (SD) 16.1 (7.4) 25.9 (8.9) 9.6 (5.9)
PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010 HOSPITAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE 283depression or anxiety disorder cases. In the presentstudy the mean scores in the anxiety and depressionsubscales of the general population were 5.5±3.6and 4.0±3.1 respectively, compared to 8.7±4.3 and7.3±3.8 in the internal medicine outpatient group.The overall HADS score was 9.6±5.9 and 16.1±7.4 inthe control and internal medicine outpatient grouprespectively.Overall and subscale HADS scores were significantlyhigher in the psychiatric outpatients (HADS-A13.3±4.6, HADS-D 12.6±5.5, HADS-T 25.9±8.9) whencompared to controls (HADS-A 5.5±3.6, HADS-D4.0±3.1, HADS-T 9.6±5.9). Similar results have beenreported in other studies comparing psychiatric patientsand general population controls. 23,25Finally, psychiatric outpatients scored significantlyhigher in the overall and subscale HADS than theinternal medicine outpatients. This statistically significantdifference between the two groups wasalso confirmed by the Beck Depression Inventoryscore and the STAI-S score. Furthermore, a statisticallysignificant positive correlation was observedbetween BDI and HADS-D, STAI-S and HADS-A in thetwo groups supporting the validity of HADS and itssubscales in the internal medicine and psychiatricoutpatients. Similar correlations between the aforementionedscales have also been observed in otherstudies. 26,38,39Statistically significant differences are also notedamong the different diagnostic groups of psychiatricpatients. The overall HADS score, as well as the BDIscore were gradually increasing in patients with adiagnosis of adjustment disorder with mixed anxietyand depressed mood, dysthymic disorder and majordepression. HADS cut-off scores are markedly higherin major depression compared to adjustment disorderwith depressive and anxiety manifestations bothin the psychiatric and the general medical population.21,40–42In the present study given that the anxiety HADSsubscale score is marginally (significantly) differentamong all 3 diagnostic categories of psychiatric patients,the difference observed in the overall HADSscore is attributed to the depression HADS subscalescore, which like the BDI tends to be higher dependingon the severity of the depressive disorder diagnosis.Similarly, in other studies, when a clinical diagnosisof depression is established, HADS appears to be capableof detecting depressive and anxiety disordersand differentiating between anxiety and depressionsymptoms. 43,44It is commonly accepted that HADS is reliable indiscriminating anxiety and depression symptomsand cases of anxiety and depressive disorders in nonpsychiatric hospitalized patients. However, it seemsthat it may also be capable of identifying anxietyand depressive symptoms between psychiatric outpatients,internal medicine outpatients and subjectsin the general population. In addition, the HADS depressionsubscale differentiates the main depressivedisorders like adjustment disorder, dysthymic disorderand major depression.The main factor limiting the generalization of theresults of the present study is the relatively small patientsample.
Page 5: PSYCHIATRIKIQuarterly journal publi
Page 9 and 10: PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010 277Άρθ
Page 11 and 12: PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010 279Resear
Page 13: PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010 HOSPITAL
Page 17 and 18: PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010 HOSPITAL
Page 19 and 20: PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010 287Resear
Page 22 and 23: 290 P. TZOURAMANIS et al PSYCHIATRI
Page 24 and 25: 292 P. TZOURAMANIS et al PSYCHIATRI
Page 26 and 27: 294 PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010Resear
Page 28 and 29: 296 M. VLASSOPOULOS et al PSYCHIATR
Page 36 and 37: 304 PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010Resear
Page 38 and 39: 306 H. LAZARATOU et al PSYCHIATRIKI
Page 48 and 49: 316 C. Kouimtsidis PSYCHIATRIKI 21
Page 56 and 57: 324 PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010Specia
Page 58 and 59: 326 B.J. HAVAKI-KONTAXAKI et al PSY
Page 64 and 65:
332 PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010Genera
Page 66 and 67:
334 C.I. Istokoglou et al PSYCHIATR
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
340 PSYCHIATRIKI 21 (4), 2010• 10
Page 74 and 75:
SUBMISSIONPapers either in English
Page 76 and 77:
ΥΠΟΒΟΛΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΩΝΟι
Page 78:
ΣΥΝΟΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΕΝΤΥΠΟ
show all

ÏÏ ÏÎ¹Î±ÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ· - ÎÎÎ¤Î ÎÎ±ÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ­Ï ÎÎºÎ´ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?

ÏÏÏÎ¹Î±ÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ· - ÎÎÎ¤Î ÎÎ±ÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎÏ ÎÎºÎ´ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï