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Ski Roll, Ski Acceleration, SkierVelocity (degrees, m/s 2 , kph)85756555453525155-5-15ApproachApex Exit WC NTI00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Percent of Turn (%)2500200015001000500Rope Load (N)RollSki AccelerationSkier VelocityRope LoadFigure 3: Typical left turn ski roll, ski acceleration, skier velocity and rope load for subject 11, whohad an overall success rate of 88.7%. The five phases of a slalom cut can be identified: approach,apex, exit, wake crossing (WC) and next turn initiation (NTI).The results shown in Figure 3 are a generalization of what was found in large majority ofthe turns from all the skiers. However, the timing of each phase and the resultantperformance parameters can change slightly from one turn to the next. The most obviousof this was occurring from Subject 15. Similar sample profiles from one of their left turnscan be found in Figure 4. The same phases can be identified however the peak parametersare smaller in magnitude and occurring at different times. This supports other results thatindicate Subject 15 is skiing at a lower level than the rest of the subject pool.92
Roll, Ski Acceleration and SkierVelocity (degrees, m/s 2 , kph)85756555453525155-5-15Approach Apex Exit WC NTI250020001500100050000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Percent of Turn (%)Rope Load (N)RollSki AccelerationSkier VelocityRope LoadFigure 4: Typical left turn ski roll, ski acceleration, skier velocity and rope load for subject 15, whohad an overall success rate of 0%. The five phases of a slalom cut can be identified: approach, apex,exit, wake crossing (WC) and next turn initiation (NTI).Not exclusively peak roll, acceleration and deceleration are the important parametersfrom the IMU but it is also important to consider the integral of each profile during eachturn. The integrals will give a more detailed “picture” of the cumulative result during aturn and are all summation of the parameter verses time. Figure 5 and Figure 6 show eachskier’s overall average integral of roll and peak roll for dominant and non-dominantturns. Statistical analysis suggests that at least one of the subjects had a significantlydifferent result than another subject (p
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BIOMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS O
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AcknowledgmentsI would like to star
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6.1 Conclusion and Future Considera
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83.42º·s and 48.92 º. There was
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List of TablesChapter 4Table 1: Sum
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1.1 The Basics of Water SkiingWater
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deep water start a good performance
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skills in order to be able to ident
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completed their test runs throughou
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1.5 Thesis outlineChapter 2 will pr
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Chapter 2: Literature Review13
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of material can be used as a force
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& Pesty, n.d.; Zang et al., 2004].
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instrumentation system used did not
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allowed them to plot a velocity ver
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Chapter 3: Methods and Instrumentat
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AbstractThere are many challenges w
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is most likely the main reason why
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applicable to dynamic sports [Brodi
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The product chosen that best met th
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ON) that did not require any modifi
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single data collection program that
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Figure 3 - Diagram of slalom course
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for patterns in the data that sugge
Page 51 and 52: 200SU EC ST BTA150Angle (degrees)10
Page 53 and 54: 10050Angle (Degrees)0-50-100-150Pit
Page 55 and 56: RF communication systems are easily
Page 57 and 58: The roll profile can be used to det
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 4: Water Skiing Biomechanic
Page 61 and 62: AbstractSix advanced slalom skiers
Page 63 and 64: Recreational and competitive slalom
Page 65 and 66: Table 1: Summary of human participa
Page 67 and 68: Figure 2: Diagram of slalom course
Page 69 and 70: at a rate of 1 Hz (BG-331RGTGT, Mig
Page 71 and 72: adjusted p-value. (SAS Institue Inc
Page 73 and 74: Table 3: Summary of completed turns
Page 75 and 76: Rope load peaks during the cutting
Page 77 and 78: Peak skier velocity for each turn i
Page 79 and 80: 4 DiscussionThere are several varia
Page 81 and 82: trend was seen by Runciman (2011) w
Page 83 and 84: (p=0.2437 and p=0.246). It was expe
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Page 87 and 88: improve the accuracy that a coach e
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 5: Biomechanical Analysis o
Page 91 and 92: AbstractWater skiing has received l
Page 93 and 94: ski manufacturers ability to compar
Page 95 and 96: given about how the effects of the
Page 97 and 98: tip. The IMU housing was wrapped in
Page 99 and 100: (roll, acceleration and deceleratio
Page 101: decrease. This portion of the turn
Page 105 and 106: Integral of Roll, Peak Roll (degree
Page 107 and 108: Integral of Roll, Peak Roll (degree
Page 109 and 110: Integral of Deceleration (m/s 2 *s)
Page 111 and 112: Figure 12 shows each ski’s overal
Page 113 and 114: Integral of Acceleration, Peak Acce
Page 115 and 116: Integral of Acceleration, Peak Acce
Page 117 and 118: peak velocity is also occurring at
Page 119 and 120: was not a significant difference be
Page 121 and 122: The lack of statistical significanc
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 6 - Conclusion and Future C
Page 125 and 126: The data, in combination with a sta
Page 127 and 128: Bachmann, E.R. (2000). Inertial and
Page 129 and 130: Appendices119
Page 131 and 132: Load Transducer Output (V)0.80.70.6
Page 133 and 134: Skiing Background Information6. How
Page 135 and 136: Section 2 - Follow up surveyPlease
Page 137: Appendix C - Ski Survey ResultsThe
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