Biomechanical P ... Slalom Water Skiing R1.pdf - Atrium - University ...

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Success rate results in Table 3 show that subject 15 was unable to complete and turns onthe outside of the buoys during his ski runs. This is an indication that he was not skiing atthe same level as the rest of the subjects and as expected had a lower average peak ropeload and average peak skier velocity than the other subjects. The subject was stillincluded in the study because the results were considered valuable in demonstrating thatit is possible to use quantitative data to support the observation that the subject was skiingat a different level. Furthermore, even though the other subjects appear to be moreadvanced than subject 15 he was able to achieve the lowest average peak rope loadduring his deep water starts. This was the first indication that it was not only skiingexperience that resulted in the different results but also ski technique.For deep water starts the main performance parameter of interest is rope load, whichindicates how much force was required to pull the skier up out of the water. There areseveral factors that can influence rope load, some of which were uncontrollable duringthe test runs. This study allowed for the analysis of two of the controllable factors, skiertechnique and ski design. Figure 5 indicates that there is not enough evidence to suggestthat one of the ski designs has more of an influence on rope load during a deep water startthan any other (p=0.0993). Although not statistically significant Figure 5 does show thatSki B and Ski C resulted in the lowest average rope load, which is expected since theyhave the widest profile. In theory a ski with a wider surface should support a skier betterand allow them to water start with lower rope loads. In the same respect Ski D resulted inthe highest rope load, which was expected because it has the narrowest profile. The same70
trend was seen by Runciman (2011) who reported a lower average peak rope load whenintermediate skiers were using a wider profile ski, than when they used a tapered ski.The deep water start results support the qualitative survey, where the numeric rankingthat each subject gave the skis was summed to provide a total number of points for eachski. Ski B and C where ranked best for “rope load pulling on arms during deep waterstarts”, with a total ranking of 25 and 29 points respectively. Ski A and D were rankedworst, both with a total of 17 points (Appendix C). The limited number of repetitions forthis particular activity could be why the statistics were unable to detect a difference. Inaddition, the way the driver accelerates the boat from a rest position will have an impacton the resultant rope load and could be contributing to larger standard errors.Figure 4 indicates that there is enough evidence to suggest that one of the subjects is ableto achieve a different average rope load during deep water starts than any other(p
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BIOMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS O
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AcknowledgmentsI would like to star
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6.1 Conclusion and Future Considera
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83.42º·s and 48.92 º. There was
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List of TablesChapter 4Table 1: Sum
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1.1 The Basics of Water SkiingWater
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deep water start a good performance
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skills in order to be able to ident
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completed their test runs throughou
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1.5 Thesis outlineChapter 2 will pr
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Chapter 2: Literature Review13
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of material can be used as a force
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& Pesty, n.d.; Zang et al., 2004].
Page 29 and 30: instrumentation system used did not
Page 31 and 32: allowed them to plot a velocity ver
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 3: Methods and Instrumentat
Page 35 and 36: AbstractThere are many challenges w
Page 37 and 38: is most likely the main reason why
Page 39 and 40: applicable to dynamic sports [Brodi
Page 41 and 42: The product chosen that best met th
Page 43 and 44: ON) that did not require any modifi
Page 45 and 46: single data collection program that
Page 47 and 48: Figure 3 - Diagram of slalom course
Page 49 and 50: for patterns in the data that sugge
Page 51 and 52: 200SU EC ST BTA150Angle (degrees)10
Page 53 and 54: 10050Angle (Degrees)0-50-100-150Pit
Page 55 and 56: RF communication systems are easily
Page 57 and 58: The roll profile can be used to det
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 4: Water Skiing Biomechanic
Page 61 and 62: AbstractSix advanced slalom skiers
Page 63 and 64: Recreational and competitive slalom
Page 65 and 66: Table 1: Summary of human participa
Page 67 and 68: Figure 2: Diagram of slalom course
Page 69 and 70: at a rate of 1 Hz (BG-331RGTGT, Mig
Page 71 and 72: adjusted p-value. (SAS Institue Inc
Page 73 and 74: Table 3: Summary of completed turns
Page 75 and 76: Rope load peaks during the cutting
Page 77 and 78: Peak skier velocity for each turn i
Page 79: 4 DiscussionThere are several varia
Page 83 and 84: (p=0.2437 and p=0.246). It was expe
Page 85 and 86: velocity and low peak rope load. In
Page 87 and 88: improve the accuracy that a coach e
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 5: Biomechanical Analysis o
Page 91 and 92: AbstractWater skiing has received l
Page 93 and 94: ski manufacturers ability to compar
Page 95 and 96: given about how the effects of the
Page 97 and 98: tip. The IMU housing was wrapped in
Page 99 and 100: (roll, acceleration and deceleratio
Page 101 and 102: decrease. This portion of the turn
Page 103 and 104: Roll, Ski Acceleration and SkierVel
Page 105 and 106: Integral of Roll, Peak Roll (degree
Page 107 and 108: Integral of Roll, Peak Roll (degree
Page 109 and 110: Integral of Deceleration (m/s 2 *s)
Page 111 and 112: Figure 12 shows each ski’s overal
Page 113 and 114: Integral of Acceleration, Peak Acce
Page 115 and 116: Integral of Acceleration, Peak Acce
Page 117 and 118: peak velocity is also occurring at
Page 119 and 120: was not a significant difference be
Page 121 and 122: The lack of statistical significanc
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 6 - Conclusion and Future C
Page 125 and 126: The data, in combination with a sta
Page 127 and 128: Bachmann, E.R. (2000). Inertial and
Page 129 and 130: Appendices119
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Load Transducer Output (V)0.80.70.6
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Skiing Background Information6. How
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Section 2 - Follow up surveyPlease
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Appendix C - Ski Survey ResultsThe
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