Biomechanical P ... Slalom Water Skiing R1.pdf - Atrium - University ...

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6.1 Conclusion and Future ConsiderationsThe purpose of this study was to fill the void in research literature and providequantitative data for advanced slalom skiers. The data and analysis procedure would actas the first step in providing improved methods for assessing skier performance. Animproved assessment method could be used as an additional tool for water ski coaches toevaluate skier performance. It could also be used as a tool for ski manufacturers toevaluate performance on different ski designs. Therefore, the data and analysis procedurecould be used to improve product design and coaching capabilities in the water skiindustry.The instrumentation system and methodology were successfully implemented in order tocollect quantitative data from six advanced slalom skiers. The performance parameters ofinterest were skier velocity, ski roll, ski acceleration and deceleration and rope load. Theuse of a well structured experimental procedure was successful in minimizing theuncontrollable factors that present themselves in the natural environment of water skiing.The instrumentation system was found to be acceptable for the harsh environment andmounting systems were successful. The only issue encountered throughout the test wasintermittent signal loss with the IMU RF transceiver system. The effect was minimizedby adjusting the receiver located in the tow boat. Further troubleshooting would berequired to fully rectify the issue.114
The data, in combination with a statistical analysis, revealed a significant differencebetween the performance of the skis for only two of the parameters, rope load and peakroll. It was expected that there would be a significant difference for all of theperformance parameters and the unexpected result could be due to: skier skillcompensating for design differences or low statistical power within the data set. It ispossible that the skill level of the skiers was high enough that they were able to achievehigh performance from a wide range of ski designs. In the future it would be interestingto demand higher performance from the skiers and see if the results remained consistent.With respect to skier velocity, it is suggested that a higher update rate GPS unit be used.It is possible that the 5Hz unit was not picking up the actual peaks during each turn. Inthe future only comparing two of the skis and increasing the number of humanparticipants would increase the statistical power of our data.The data was able to detect when skiers were achieving different performance resultsthan another skier. Therefore, the analysis techniques developed in this study could beused to asses skier performance in more detail than methods that are currently practiced.An improved method for analyzing skier performance could be used as an additional toolfor coaches to evaluate skiers. This would increase their effectiveness when trying todetermine if a problem exists and what the cause of the problem is. Similarly, animproved method for analyzing skier performance could be used by ski manufacturers toevaluate performance on different ski designs. This would increase their ability assesswhat characteristics of the ski design are effecting performance and therefore lead toadvancements in product design.115
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BIOMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS O
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AcknowledgmentsI would like to star
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6.1 Conclusion and Future Considera
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83.42º·s and 48.92 º. There was
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List of TablesChapter 4Table 1: Sum
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1.1 The Basics of Water SkiingWater
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deep water start a good performance
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skills in order to be able to ident
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completed their test runs throughou
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1.5 Thesis outlineChapter 2 will pr
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Chapter 2: Literature Review13
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of material can be used as a force
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& Pesty, n.d.; Zang et al., 2004].
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instrumentation system used did not
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allowed them to plot a velocity ver
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Chapter 3: Methods and Instrumentat
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AbstractThere are many challenges w
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is most likely the main reason why
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applicable to dynamic sports [Brodi
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The product chosen that best met th
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ON) that did not require any modifi
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single data collection program that
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Figure 3 - Diagram of slalom course
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for patterns in the data that sugge
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200SU EC ST BTA150Angle (degrees)10
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10050Angle (Degrees)0-50-100-150Pit
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RF communication systems are easily
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The roll profile can be used to det
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Chapter 4: Water Skiing Biomechanic
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AbstractSix advanced slalom skiers
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Recreational and competitive slalom
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Table 1: Summary of human participa
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Figure 2: Diagram of slalom course
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at a rate of 1 Hz (BG-331RGTGT, Mig
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adjusted p-value. (SAS Institue Inc
Page 73 and 74: Table 3: Summary of completed turns
Page 75 and 76: Rope load peaks during the cutting
Page 77 and 78: Peak skier velocity for each turn i
Page 79 and 80: 4 DiscussionThere are several varia
Page 81 and 82: trend was seen by Runciman (2011) w
Page 83 and 84: (p=0.2437 and p=0.246). It was expe
Page 85 and 86: velocity and low peak rope load. In
Page 87 and 88: improve the accuracy that a coach e
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 5: Biomechanical Analysis o
Page 91 and 92: AbstractWater skiing has received l
Page 93 and 94: ski manufacturers ability to compar
Page 95 and 96: given about how the effects of the
Page 97 and 98: tip. The IMU housing was wrapped in
Page 99 and 100: (roll, acceleration and deceleratio
Page 101 and 102: decrease. This portion of the turn
Page 103 and 104: Roll, Ski Acceleration and SkierVel
Page 105 and 106: Integral of Roll, Peak Roll (degree
Page 107 and 108: Integral of Roll, Peak Roll (degree
Page 109 and 110: Integral of Deceleration (m/s 2 *s)
Page 111 and 112: Figure 12 shows each ski’s overal
Page 113 and 114: Integral of Acceleration, Peak Acce
Page 115 and 116: Integral of Acceleration, Peak Acce
Page 117 and 118: peak velocity is also occurring at
Page 119 and 120: was not a significant difference be
Page 121 and 122: The lack of statistical significanc
Page 123: Chapter 6 - Conclusion and Future C
Page 127 and 128: Bachmann, E.R. (2000). Inertial and
Page 129 and 130: Appendices119
Page 131 and 132: Load Transducer Output (V)0.80.70.6
Page 133 and 134: Skiing Background Information6. How
Page 135 and 136: Section 2 - Follow up surveyPlease
Page 137: Appendix C - Ski Survey ResultsThe
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