Programming Guide - Actian

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Intended AudienceThe appendixes in this guide provide a summary of SQL syntax and operatingsystem differences.Note: The term Windows refers to the Microsoft Windows operating system,including Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows 2000. Unlessspecifically indicated, Windows refers to any available Microsoft Windowsoperating system supported by OpenROAD. For more information on supportedplatforms, see the readme.Intended AudienceBecause OpenROAD is intended for developers who want to create databaseapplications, this guide assumes you know:• Basic programming concepts, including the principles of object-orientedprogramming (OOP)• Basic relational DBMS concepts, such as databases, tables, and cursors• Structured Query Language (SQL)• How to use basic OpenROAD features such as creating frames, forms,procedures, user classes, and global variablesIn addition, you must be familiar with your window manager and toolkit,including terminology, navigational techniques, and how to work with standarditems, such as menus and dialogs. If you are not, see your window managerdocumentation before using OpenROAD.Database-related ExamplesWhen illustrating concepts that require interaction with a database, we assumeyou are connected to an Ingres database. If you are using a DBMS other thanIngres, sample code involving database interaction might not be 100%compatible.Note: In this guide, “Ingres” is used as a convention to refer to all releases ofIngres.14 <strong>Programming</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>
ConventionsConventionsThe following terminology distinctions are made when dealing with languageitems:• A command is an operation that you execute from an OpenROAD menu orat the operating system level.• A statement is an operation that you place within a program or calledprocedure. Statements can be written in OpenROAD's fourth-generationlanguage (4GL), a database query language (such as SQL), or a 3GL (likeC or COBOL).When representing language elements in discussion text, the followingconventions are used:ConventionUPPERCASElowercaseitalic, lowercaseMixed Case/Initial CapitalizationUsageIndicates constants (for example, TRUE,FALSE, and FB_DIMMED)Indicates 4GL keywords and statements(for example, begin keyword and callprocstatement)Indicates a variable name (for example,cursor_variable)Indicates class names, attributes,methods, or events (for example,DataStream class, ClientData attribute,FetchRow method, and WindowResizedevent)When representing syntax, the following conventions are used:ConventionBoldfaceItalicUsageIndicates keywords, symbols, orpunctuation that you must type as shownIndicates a variable name for which youmust supply an actual value—thisconvention is used in explanatory text, aswell as syntaxIntroduction 15
Page 1 and 2: Ingres OpenROAD ® 2006Programming
Page 3 and 4: ContentsChapter 1: Introduction 13I
Page 5 and 6: Using an Object-oriented Approach t
Page 7 and 8: How You Can Retrieve Array Informat
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 12: Managing Event Queues 3
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 17: Preprocessing Your 4GL
Page 13: Chapter 1: IntroductionThis section
Page 17: Your Support OptionsYour Support Op
Page 20 and 21: OpenROAD NamesThe rules for these n
Page 22 and 23: OpenROAD Names3. Enclosing field sc
Page 24 and 25: OpenROAD NamesThe following code ex
Page 26 and 27: VariablesThe following illustrates
Page 28 and 29: VariablesIn the first example, film
Page 30 and 31: VariablesOpenROAD checks references
Page 32 and 33: VariablesHow You Can Declare Dynami
Page 34 and 35: VariablesFor example, assume that y
Page 36 and 37: ExpressionsHowever, you cannot use
Page 38 and 39: ExpressionsThe general syntax for h
Page 40 and 41: ExpressionsCurSessionSpecifies, for
Page 42 and 43: ExpressionsString OperatorThe conca
Page 44 and 45: ExpressionsOperatorlikenot likeOper
Page 46 and 47: Expressions• You can use the esca
Page 48 and 49: ExpressionsBecause procedures can r
Page 50 and 51: System-defined FunctionsThis rule h
Page 52 and 53: System-defined FunctionsNameOperand
Page 54 and 55: System-defined FunctionsName Operan
Page 56 and 57: System-defined FunctionsNameshift(c
Page 58 and 59: System-defined FunctionsSome date f
Page 60 and 61: System-defined FunctionsThe followi
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System-defined FunctionsResult Data
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Chapter 3: Writing Scripts and Proc
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ScriptsDeclare local variables that
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ScriptsUserEventSpecifies a user ev
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ScriptsExample—Field and Menu Ite
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ProceduresOpenROAD lets you create
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ProceduresReturning from a Procedur
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ProceduresExample—Local Procedure
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Procedures4GL DataTypedatemoneyfloa
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Calling Procedures• In this call
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Calling ProceduresparameterAssigns
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How Procedure Handles Work (ProcHan
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Compiler LimitationsYou can avoid t
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How You Can Invoke FramesHow the Cu
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How You Can Invoke FramesHow You Ca
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How You Can Invoke FramesFor more i
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How You Can Invoke FramesFor exampl
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How You Can Invoke FramesIf the obj
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How You Can Invoke FramesHow You Ca
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How You Can Invoke Frames• Prompt
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How You Can Invoke FramesThe syntax
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How You Can Run Non-interactive App
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How You Can Reference ObjectsHow Yo
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How You Can Reference ObjectsHow Yo
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How You Can Reference ObjectsUse an
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Using an Object-oriented Approach t
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InheritanceClass RelationshipsYou c
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InheritanceYou can specify a user c
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InheritanceThe Terminate method is
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How You Can Create a User ClassWhen
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How You Can Create a User ClassHow
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How You Can Create a User Class3. G
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How You Can Create a User ClassTo e
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External ClassesHow You Can Use Ext
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External ClassesExample—ActiveX C
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How You Can Manipulate Objects Gene
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Overview of the OpenROAD System Cla
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How You Can Access a Database with
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How You Can Manage TransactionsHow
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How You Can Manage TransactionsDivi
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How You Can Manage TransactionsTo c
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How Programming for Multiple Sessio
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Handling Database ErrorsIn OpenROAD
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Handling Database ErrorsIf a databa
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Handling Database ErrorsFor example
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Handling Database Errorsbeginerr_no
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Arrays and Table Fields—Conceptua
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ArraysBecause an individual attribu
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ArraysDeclaring an array variable d
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ArraysThe following statement puts
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Arraysfor i = custtable.FirstRow to
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ArraysHow You Can Add Rows to an Ar
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ArraysThe inserted row is blank bec
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ArraysThe following code fragment i
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ArraysThese attributes are:AllRowsR
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ArraysAttributes used in a sort can
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ArraysThe format parameter can be a
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Table FieldsTable Fields and Associ
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Table FieldsThe following applicati
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Table FieldsThis syntax references
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Table FieldsFor example, the follow
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Table Field OperationsTable Field C
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Table Field OperationsHow You Can U
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Table Field OperationsWhen you use
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Table Field OperationsBiases can be
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Table Field OperationsThe following
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Table Field OperationsHow You Can T
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Table Field OperationsTableField Me
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Table Field OperationsFor example,
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Table Field OperationsControlling M
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CollectionsCollectionsA collection
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Collections// Open a workbook and p
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Listview_Treeview_DemoImport the De
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Listview FieldsListview FieldsA lis
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Listview FieldsextensionSpecifies a
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Listview FieldsImageIndexSpecifies
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TreeNode and Tree ClassesHeaderClic
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TreeNode and Tree ClassesMaintenanc
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Treeview FieldsHow You Can Build a
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Treeview FieldsThe second window is
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Treeview FieldsThe tree_ex2_class h
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Chapter 9: Working with Images and
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe fol
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe Col
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe Bit
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How You Can Work with Images5. Add
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How You Can Work with Text StringsD
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How You Can Work with Text StringsH
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How You Can Call 3GL ProceduresIn t
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How You Can Use Exec 4GL Statements
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How You Can Link 3GL ProceduresHow
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Sample 3GL ProceduresExec 4GL and E
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How You Can Use Data Entry Error Ha
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Chapter 12: Managing Event QueuesTh
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Event-based ProgrammingThe followin
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Event-based ProgrammingEvent TypesT
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Event-based ProgrammingField Events
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Event-based ProgrammingBecause all
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Event-based ProgrammingThe followin
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Event-based ProgrammingThe resume s
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Event-based ProgrammingNote: The da
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Communicating Between OpenROAD Fram
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How You Can Communicate with an Ext
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How You Can Communicate Between Ope
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How You Can Communicate Between Ope
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Chapter 14: Creating Dynamic Frames
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How You Can Change Field and Frame
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How You Can Create and Modify Field
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How You Can Remove Fields Dynamical
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How You Can Declare a Composite Fie
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How You Can Manipulate Data in Dyna
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How You Can Manage Operations with
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How You Can Build a Frame Dynamical
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Dynamic Statements ConsiderationsDy
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How You Can Write an AssistantNote:
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How You Can Write an AssistantFirst
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How You Can Write an AssistantBecau
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How You Can Ensure Compatibility Be
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Chapter 17: Preprocessing Your 4GL
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PreprocessorGeneral Preprocessor St
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PreprocessorThe #define StatementTh
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Error ProcessingGuidelines for Usin
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Chapter 18: Debugging Your Applicat
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How You Can Test an ApplicationHow
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsTo
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How You Can Use Break Conditions3.
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsWay
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsSet
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How You Can Use Break Conditions•
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsMet
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How You Can Log Trace InformationDa
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How You Can Monitor a Running Appli
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How You Can Monitor a Running Appli
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How You Can Debug Database QueriesT
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How Debugging an Application WorksS
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How Debugging an Application WorksH
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How Debugging an Application WorksW
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How Debugging an Application WorksH
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How Debugging an Application WorksW
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How Debugging an Application WorksL
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How Debugging an Application WorksA
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Appendix A: SQL Syntax SummaryThis
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SQL Syntax Summarygrant all [privil
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OpenSQL Syntax SummaryOpenSQL Synta
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Operating System CommandsThe follow
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BitmapObject classThe BitmapObject
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external classAn external class def
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local variableLocal variables conta
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StringObject classThe StringObject
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Index'' ' (single quotation marks)c
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Attributesdefined • 28referencing
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using to copy data • 244using wit
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application threads • 444array di
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examining values • 473hexadecimal
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Gmoney • 51numeric list • 53pad
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Namesapplication • 21dynamic •
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ReadOps attributesettings • 243Re
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concat function • 54functions •
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event chains • 323event queue •
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