Programming Guide - Actian

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This documentation and related computer software program (hereinafter referred to as the "Documentation") is forthe end user's informational purposes only and is subject to change or withdrawal by Ingres Corporation ("Ingres")at any time.This Documentation may not be copied, transferred, reproduced, disclosed or duplicated, in whole or in part,without the prior written consent of Ingres. This Documentation is proprietary information of Ingres and protectedby the copyright laws of the United States and international treaties.Notwithstanding the foregoing, licensed users may print a reasonable number of copies of this Documentation fortheir own internal use, provided that all Ingres copyright notices and legends are affixed to each reproduced copy.Only authorized employees, consultants, or agents of the user who are bound by the confidentiality provisions ofthe license for the software are permitted to have access to such copies.This right to print copies is limited to the period during which the license for the product remains in full force andeffect. The user consents to Ingres obtaining injunctive relief precluding any unauthorized use of theDocumentation. Should the license terminate for any reason, it shall be the user's responsibility to return to Ingresthe reproduced copies or to certify to Ingres that same have been destroyed.To the extent permitted by applicable law, INGRES PROVIDES THIS DOCUMENTATION "AS IS" WITHOUTWARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT WILL INGRES BE LIABLE TO THEEND USER OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, FROM THE USER OF THISDOCUMENTATION, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, GOODWILL, ORLOST DATA, EVEN IF INGRES IS EXPRESSLY ADVISED OF SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE.The use of any product referenced in this Documentation and this Documentation is governed by the end user'sapplicable license agreement.The manufacturer of this Documentation is Ingres Corporation.For government users, the Documentation is delivered with "Restricted Rights" as set forth in 48 C.F.R. Section12.212, 48 C.F.R. Sections 52.227-19(c)(1) and (2) or DFARS Section 252.227-7013 or applicable successorprovisions.Copyright © 2008 Ingres Corporation. All Rights Reserved.Ingres, OpenROAD, and EDBC are registered trademarks of Ingres Corporation. All other trademarks, trade names,service marks, and logos referenced herein belong to their respective companies.
ContentsChapter 1: Introduction 13In This <strong>Guide</strong> ...................................................................................................................... 13Intended Audience .............................................................................................................. 14Database-related Examples ............................................................................................. 14Conventions ....................................................................................................................... 15Documentation ................................................................................................................... 16Your Support Options........................................................................................................... 17Chapter 2: Language Elements 19OpenROAD Names............................................................................................................... 19Dynamic Names ............................................................................................................ 20Name Resolution............................................................................................................ 21Variables............................................................................................................................ 25Simple Variables ............................................................................................................ 26Reference Variables........................................................................................................ 28Dynamic Array Variables ................................................................................................. 31Field and Menu Item Variables ......................................................................................... 33How You Can Initialize Variables ...................................................................................... 34Data Types......................................................................................................................... 35Nulls ................................................................................................................................. 35Expressions ........................................................................................................................ 36Literals......................................................................................................................... 37Named Constants .......................................................................................................... 38System Variables ........................................................................................................... 39Operators ..................................................................................................................... 40Variables in Expressions.................................................................................................. 47Procedures in Expressions ............................................................................................... 47Methods in Expressions................................................................................................... 48Nulls in Expressions ....................................................................................................... 49Expressions in SQL Statements........................................................................................ 50System-defined Functions..................................................................................................... 50Scalar Functions ............................................................................................................ 51Aggregate Functions....................................................................................................... 61The Ifnull Function ......................................................................................................... 63Dbmsinfo Function ......................................................................................................... 64Field Function................................................................................................................ 65Comments ......................................................................................................................... 65Contents iii
Page 1: Ingres OpenROAD ® 2006Programming
Page 5 and 6: Using an Object-oriented Approach t
Page 7 and 8: How You Can Retrieve Array Informat
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 12: Managing Event Queues 3
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 17: Preprocessing Your 4GL
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1: IntroductionThis section
Page 15 and 16: ConventionsConventionsThe following
Page 17: Your Support OptionsYour Support Op
Page 20 and 21: OpenROAD NamesThe rules for these n
Page 22 and 23: OpenROAD Names3. Enclosing field sc
Page 24 and 25: OpenROAD NamesThe following code ex
Page 26 and 27: VariablesThe following illustrates
Page 28 and 29: VariablesIn the first example, film
Page 30 and 31: VariablesOpenROAD checks references
Page 32 and 33: VariablesHow You Can Declare Dynami
Page 34 and 35: VariablesFor example, assume that y
Page 36 and 37: ExpressionsHowever, you cannot use
Page 38 and 39: ExpressionsThe general syntax for h
Page 40 and 41: ExpressionsCurSessionSpecifies, for
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System-defined FunctionsNameOperand
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System-defined FunctionsName Operan
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System-defined FunctionsNameshift(c
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System-defined FunctionsSome date f
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System-defined FunctionsThe followi
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System-defined FunctionsCount Funct
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System-defined FunctionsResult Data
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Chapter 3: Writing Scripts and Proc
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ScriptsDeclare local variables that
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ScriptsUserEventSpecifies a user ev
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ScriptsExample—Field and Menu Ite
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ProceduresOpenROAD lets you create
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ProceduresReturning from a Procedur
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ProceduresExample—Local Procedure
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Procedures4GL DataTypedatemoneyfloa
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Calling Procedures• In this call
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Calling ProceduresparameterAssigns
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How Procedure Handles Work (ProcHan
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Compiler LimitationsYou can avoid t
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How You Can Invoke FramesHow the Cu
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How You Can Invoke FramesHow You Ca
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How You Can Invoke FramesFor more i
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How You Can Invoke FramesFor exampl
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How You Can Invoke FramesIf the obj
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How You Can Invoke FramesHow You Ca
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How You Can Invoke Frames• Prompt
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How You Can Invoke FramesThe syntax
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How You Can Run Non-interactive App
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How You Can Reference ObjectsHow Yo
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How You Can Reference ObjectsHow Yo
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How You Can Reference ObjectsUse an
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Using an Object-oriented Approach t
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InheritanceClass RelationshipsYou c
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InheritanceYou can specify a user c
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InheritanceThe Terminate method is
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How You Can Create a User ClassWhen
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How You Can Create a User ClassHow
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How You Can Create a User Class3. G
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How You Can Create a User ClassTo e
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External ClassesHow You Can Use Ext
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External ClassesExample—ActiveX C
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How You Can Manipulate Objects Gene
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Overview of the OpenROAD System Cla
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How You Can Access a Database with
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How You Can Manage TransactionsHow
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How You Can Manage TransactionsDivi
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How You Can Manage TransactionsTo c
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How Programming for Multiple Sessio
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Handling Database ErrorsIn OpenROAD
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Handling Database ErrorsIf a databa
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Handling Database ErrorsFor example
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Handling Database Errorsbeginerr_no
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Arrays and Table Fields—Conceptua
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ArraysBecause an individual attribu
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ArraysDeclaring an array variable d
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ArraysThe following statement puts
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Arraysfor i = custtable.FirstRow to
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ArraysHow You Can Add Rows to an Ar
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ArraysThe inserted row is blank bec
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ArraysThe following code fragment i
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ArraysThese attributes are:AllRowsR
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ArraysAttributes used in a sort can
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ArraysThe format parameter can be a
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Table FieldsTable Fields and Associ
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Table FieldsThe following applicati
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Table FieldsThis syntax references
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Table FieldsFor example, the follow
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Table Field OperationsTable Field C
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Table Field OperationsHow You Can U
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Table Field OperationsWhen you use
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Table Field OperationsBiases can be
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Table Field OperationsThe following
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Table Field OperationsHow You Can T
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Table Field OperationsTableField Me
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Table Field OperationsFor example,
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Table Field OperationsControlling M
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CollectionsCollectionsA collection
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Collections// Open a workbook and p
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Listview_Treeview_DemoImport the De
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Listview FieldsListview FieldsA lis
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Listview FieldsextensionSpecifies a
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Listview FieldsImageIndexSpecifies
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TreeNode and Tree ClassesHeaderClic
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TreeNode and Tree ClassesMaintenanc
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Treeview FieldsHow You Can Build a
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Treeview FieldsThe second window is
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Treeview FieldsThe tree_ex2_class h
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Chapter 9: Working with Images and
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe fol
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe Col
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe Bit
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How You Can Work with Images5. Add
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How You Can Work with Text StringsD
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How You Can Work with Text StringsH
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How You Can Call 3GL ProceduresIn t
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How You Can Use Exec 4GL Statements
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How You Can Link 3GL ProceduresHow
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Sample 3GL ProceduresExec 4GL and E
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How You Can Use Data Entry Error Ha
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Chapter 12: Managing Event QueuesTh
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Event-based ProgrammingThe followin
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Event-based ProgrammingEvent TypesT
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Event-based ProgrammingField Events
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Event-based ProgrammingBecause all
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Event-based ProgrammingThe followin
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Event-based ProgrammingThe resume s
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Event-based ProgrammingNote: The da
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Communicating Between OpenROAD Fram
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How You Can Communicate with an Ext
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How You Can Communicate Between Ope
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How You Can Communicate Between Ope
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Chapter 14: Creating Dynamic Frames
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How You Can Change Field and Frame
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How You Can Create and Modify Field
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How You Can Remove Fields Dynamical
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How You Can Declare a Composite Fie
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How You Can Manipulate Data in Dyna
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How You Can Manage Operations with
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How You Can Build a Frame Dynamical
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Dynamic Statements ConsiderationsDy
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How You Can Write an AssistantNote:
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How You Can Write an AssistantFirst
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How You Can Write an AssistantBecau
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How You Can Ensure Compatibility Be
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Chapter 17: Preprocessing Your 4GL
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PreprocessorGeneral Preprocessor St
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PreprocessorThe #define StatementTh
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Error ProcessingGuidelines for Usin
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Chapter 18: Debugging Your Applicat
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How You Can Test an ApplicationHow
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsTo
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How You Can Use Break Conditions3.
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsWay
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsSet
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How You Can Use Break Conditions•
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsMet
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How You Can Log Trace InformationDa
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How You Can Monitor a Running Appli
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How You Can Monitor a Running Appli
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How You Can Debug Database QueriesT
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How Debugging an Application WorksS
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How Debugging an Application WorksH
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How Debugging an Application WorksW
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How Debugging an Application WorksH
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How Debugging an Application WorksW
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How Debugging an Application WorksL
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How Debugging an Application WorksA
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Appendix A: SQL Syntax SummaryThis
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SQL Syntax Summarygrant all [privil
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OpenSQL Syntax SummaryOpenSQL Synta
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Operating System CommandsThe follow
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BitmapObject classThe BitmapObject
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external classAn external class def
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local variableLocal variables conta
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StringObject classThe StringObject
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Index'' ' (single quotation marks)c
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Attributesdefined • 28referencing
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using to copy data • 244using wit
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application threads • 444array di
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examining values • 473hexadecimal
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Gmoney • 51numeric list • 53pad
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Namesapplication • 21dynamic •
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ReadOps attributesettings • 243Re
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concat function • 54functions •
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event chains • 323event queue •
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