Programming Guide - Actian

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How You Can Access a Database with Standard SQL StatementsUsing the where clause, you can update only selected rows. The followingexample updates only the customer who meets the criteria defined in thewhere clause:/* Update customer's account balance */update customerset cacctbal = cacctbal - :chargeswhere acctno = :checkout_form.acctno;There are also query object and cursor versions of the update statement. Bothof these update operations modify the values in the current row when thestatement is executed. For examples of query object and cursor updatestatements, see How You Can Use Query Objects (see page 177) and How YouCan Use Cursors to Access the Database (see page 157).How You Can Use the Delete StatementThe delete statement removes rows from a database table. You can delete allrows or, by using a where clause, only specified rows.For example, assume that you want to remove all customers from thecustomer table whose accounts are closed. (The value for a closed account isstored in the CLOSED constant.) The following statement performs this task:delete from customer where cstatus = CLOSED;There are also query object and cursor versions of the delete statement. Bothof these delete operations remove the current row when the statement isexecuted. For examples of query object and cursor delete statements, see HowYou Can Use Query Objects (see page 177) and How You Can Use Cursors toAccess the Database (see page 157).How You Can Use Other SQL StatementsThere are two types of SQL statements that you can code directly in a 4GLscript:• Data definition statementsThese include statements that create data structures, such as tables orviews, rules, and database events.All data definition statements participate in transactions. Using one ofthese statements initiates a transaction if none was open, and any workperformed by these statements is affected by the commit and rollbackstatements.For more information about transactions, see How You Can ManageTransactions (see page 182).154 Programming Guide
How You Can Access a Database with Standard SQL Statements• Statements that do not access database tablesTwo examples of this type are the set statement (including set autocommitand set lockmode) and the inquire_sql statement. The set statements donot take part in transactions and cannot be issued inside them.For a list of SQL statements and their syntax, see the Language ReferenceGuide online help.How You Can Use Database ProceduresOpenROAD scripts can call database procedures, which are collections ofstatements managed as a single unit by the Ingres DBMS. Using databaseprocedures provides another way for OpenROAD scripts to access thedatabase.For more information about calling a database procedure, see Writing Scriptsand Procedures (see page 67).Creating a database procedure within an OpenROAD application requires usingthe execute immediate statement.For more information about using the execute immediate statement, see HowYou Can Use the Execute Immediate Statement (see page 155) and theLanguage Reference Guide online help.How You Can Use the Execute Immediate StatementYou can use the execute immediate statement to perform any of the followingtasks:• Execute a variety of SQL statements that the 4GL code constructs atruntime.• Execute SQL statements that contain legal SQL syntax that is notrecognized by the OpenROAD compiler, such as:– Creating a database procedure– Issuing statements to a non-Ingres server or a version of the Ingresserver that supports different SQL syntaxWorking with a Database 155
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Ingres OpenROAD ® 2006Programming
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ContentsChapter 1: Introduction 13I
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Using an Object-oriented Approach t
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How You Can Retrieve Array Informat
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Chapter 12: Managing Event Queues 3
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Chapter 17: Preprocessing Your 4GL
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Chapter 1: IntroductionThis section
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ConventionsConventionsThe following
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Your Support OptionsYour Support Op
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OpenROAD NamesThe rules for these n
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OpenROAD Names3. Enclosing field sc
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OpenROAD NamesThe following code ex
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VariablesThe following illustrates
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VariablesIn the first example, film
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VariablesOpenROAD checks references
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VariablesHow You Can Declare Dynami
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VariablesFor example, assume that y
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ExpressionsHowever, you cannot use
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ExpressionsThe general syntax for h
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ExpressionsCurSessionSpecifies, for
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ExpressionsString OperatorThe conca
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ExpressionsOperatorlikenot likeOper
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Expressions• You can use the esca
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ExpressionsBecause procedures can r
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System-defined FunctionsThis rule h
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System-defined FunctionsNameOperand
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System-defined FunctionsName Operan
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System-defined FunctionsNameshift(c
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System-defined FunctionsSome date f
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System-defined FunctionsThe followi
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System-defined FunctionsCount Funct
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System-defined FunctionsResult Data
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Chapter 3: Writing Scripts and Proc
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ScriptsDeclare local variables that
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ScriptsUserEventSpecifies a user ev
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ScriptsExample—Field and Menu Ite
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ProceduresOpenROAD lets you create
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ProceduresReturning from a Procedur
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ProceduresExample—Local Procedure
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Procedures4GL DataTypedatemoneyfloa
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Calling Procedures• In this call
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Calling ProceduresparameterAssigns
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How Procedure Handles Work (ProcHan
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Compiler LimitationsYou can avoid t
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How You Can Invoke FramesHow the Cu
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How You Can Invoke FramesHow You Ca
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How You Can Invoke FramesFor more i
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How You Can Invoke FramesFor exampl
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Page 106 and 107: How You Can Invoke FramesHow You Ca
Page 108 and 109: How You Can Invoke Frames• Prompt
Page 110 and 111: How You Can Invoke FramesThe syntax
Page 112 and 113: How You Can Run Non-interactive App
Page 114 and 115: How You Can Reference ObjectsHow Yo
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Page 122 and 123: InheritanceClass RelationshipsYou c
Page 124 and 125: InheritanceYou can specify a user c
Page 126 and 127: InheritanceThe Terminate method is
Page 128 and 129: How You Can Create a User ClassWhen
Page 130 and 131: How You Can Create a User ClassHow
Page 132 and 133: How You Can Create a User Class3. G
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Page 136 and 137: External ClassesHow You Can Use Ext
Page 138 and 139: External ClassesExample—ActiveX C
Page 140 and 141: How You Can Manipulate Objects Gene
Page 142 and 143: Overview of the OpenROAD System Cla
Page 148 and 149: How You Can Access a Database with
Page 182 and 183: How You Can Manage TransactionsHow
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Page 188 and 189: How Programming for Multiple Sessio
Page 198 and 199: Handling Database ErrorsIn OpenROAD
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Handling Database Errorsbeginerr_no
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Arrays and Table Fields—Conceptua
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ArraysBecause an individual attribu
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ArraysDeclaring an array variable d
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ArraysThe following statement puts
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Arraysfor i = custtable.FirstRow to
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ArraysHow You Can Add Rows to an Ar
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ArraysThe inserted row is blank bec
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ArraysThe following code fragment i
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ArraysThese attributes are:AllRowsR
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ArraysAttributes used in a sort can
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ArraysThe format parameter can be a
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Table FieldsTable Fields and Associ
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Table FieldsThe following applicati
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Table FieldsThis syntax references
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Table FieldsFor example, the follow
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Table Field OperationsTable Field C
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Table Field OperationsHow You Can U
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Table Field OperationsWhen you use
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Table Field OperationsBiases can be
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Table Field OperationsThe following
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Table Field OperationsHow You Can T
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Table Field OperationsTableField Me
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Table Field OperationsFor example,
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Table Field OperationsControlling M
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CollectionsCollectionsA collection
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Collections// Open a workbook and p
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Listview_Treeview_DemoImport the De
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Listview FieldsListview FieldsA lis
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Listview FieldsextensionSpecifies a
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Listview FieldsImageIndexSpecifies
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TreeNode and Tree ClassesHeaderClic
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TreeNode and Tree ClassesMaintenanc
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Treeview FieldsHow You Can Build a
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Treeview FieldsThe second window is
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Treeview FieldsThe tree_ex2_class h
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Chapter 9: Working with Images and
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe fol
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe Col
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe Bit
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How You Can Work with Images5. Add
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How You Can Work with Text StringsD
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How You Can Work with Text StringsH
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How You Can Call 3GL ProceduresIn t
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How You Can Use Exec 4GL Statements
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How You Can Link 3GL ProceduresHow
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Sample 3GL ProceduresExec 4GL and E
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How You Can Use Data Entry Error Ha
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Chapter 12: Managing Event QueuesTh
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Event-based ProgrammingThe followin
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Event-based ProgrammingEvent TypesT
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Event-based ProgrammingField Events
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Event-based ProgrammingBecause all
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Event-based ProgrammingThe followin
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Event-based ProgrammingThe resume s
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Event-based ProgrammingNote: The da
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Communicating Between OpenROAD Fram
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How You Can Communicate with an Ext
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How You Can Communicate Between Ope
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How You Can Communicate Between Ope
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Chapter 14: Creating Dynamic Frames
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How You Can Change Field and Frame
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How You Can Create and Modify Field
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How You Can Remove Fields Dynamical
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How You Can Declare a Composite Fie
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How You Can Manipulate Data in Dyna
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How You Can Manage Operations with
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How You Can Build a Frame Dynamical
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Dynamic Statements ConsiderationsDy
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How You Can Write an AssistantNote:
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How You Can Write an AssistantFirst
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How You Can Write an AssistantBecau
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How You Can Ensure Compatibility Be
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Chapter 17: Preprocessing Your 4GL
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PreprocessorGeneral Preprocessor St
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PreprocessorThe #define StatementTh
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Error ProcessingGuidelines for Usin
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Chapter 18: Debugging Your Applicat
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How You Can Test an ApplicationHow
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsTo
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How You Can Use Break Conditions3.
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsWay
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsSet
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How You Can Use Break Conditions•
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsMet
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How You Can Log Trace InformationDa
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How You Can Monitor a Running Appli
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How You Can Monitor a Running Appli
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How You Can Debug Database QueriesT
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How Debugging an Application WorksS
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How Debugging an Application WorksH
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How Debugging an Application WorksW
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How Debugging an Application WorksH
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How Debugging an Application WorksW
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How Debugging an Application WorksL
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How Debugging an Application WorksA
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Appendix A: SQL Syntax SummaryThis
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SQL Syntax Summarygrant all [privil
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OpenSQL Syntax SummaryOpenSQL Synta
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Operating System CommandsThe follow
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BitmapObject classThe BitmapObject
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external classAn external class def
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local variableLocal variables conta
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StringObject classThe StringObject
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Index'' ' (single quotation marks)c
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Attributesdefined • 28referencing
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using to copy data • 244using wit
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application threads • 444array di
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examining values • 473hexadecimal
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Gmoney • 51numeric list • 53pad
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Namesapplication • 21dynamic •
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ReadOps attributesettings • 243Re
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concat function • 54functions •
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event chains • 323event queue •
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