Programming Guide - Actian

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VariablesThe following illustrates these variable types.The following sections describe how to reference, declare, and use these typesof variables in your 4GL scripts and procedures.Simple VariablesA simple variable is a single data item. It contains only one value. A simplevariable can be any of the basic data types, such as integer or varchar, withthe exception of table_key and object_key as described in Data Types (seepage 35).26 Programming Guide
VariablesHow You Can Declare Simple VariablesThe syntax for declaring a simple variable is:name = datatype [with null|not null] [not default|with default|[with] defaultdefaultvalue]The following example shows a local variable declaration for an integervariable:i = integer;By default, all simple variables are nullable. If you do not want the variable tobe nullable, you must include the not null clause in the declaration, forexample:i = integer not null;By default, all numeric simple variables are assigned a default value of zero,and all character simple variables are assigned a default value of the emptystring (''). If you want to specify a different default value, you must include thedefault clause. The default value must be null, a literal, or one of the systemconstants defined in the Language Reference Guide online help, for example:i = integer not null default false;How You Can Reference Simple VariablesThe with null, not default, and with default (without a value) clauses areprovided for syntactic compatibility with SQL, but they have no effect inOpenROAD.To reference a simple variable, use the variable name. For example, to assignthe value of Smith to the person variable, use the following statement:person = 'Smith';Individual elements in a reference variable or an array can be simple variables,as shown in the illustration in Variables (see page 25). In this illustration, Filmis a reference variable with three attributes. Each of these attributes is asimple variable. Similarly, Movies is an array and each individual element inthe array is a simple variable.In a 4GL script, you can use simple variables as reference or array variableelements in any context that you can use other simple variables, for example:film.director = 'Hitchcock';if movies[].title = 'ANNIE HALL' then ...Language Elements 27
Page 1 and 2: Ingres OpenROAD ® 2006Programming
Page 3 and 4: ContentsChapter 1: Introduction 13I
Page 5 and 6: Using an Object-oriented Approach t
Page 7 and 8: How You Can Retrieve Array Informat
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 12: Managing Event Queues 3
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 17: Preprocessing Your 4GL
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1: IntroductionThis section
Page 15 and 16: ConventionsConventionsThe following
Page 17: Your Support OptionsYour Support Op
Page 20 and 21: OpenROAD NamesThe rules for these n
Page 22 and 23: OpenROAD Names3. Enclosing field sc
Page 24 and 25: OpenROAD NamesThe following code ex
Page 28 and 29: VariablesIn the first example, film
Page 30 and 31: VariablesOpenROAD checks references
Page 32 and 33: VariablesHow You Can Declare Dynami
Page 34 and 35: VariablesFor example, assume that y
Page 36 and 37: ExpressionsHowever, you cannot use
Page 38 and 39: ExpressionsThe general syntax for h
Page 40 and 41: ExpressionsCurSessionSpecifies, for
Page 42 and 43: ExpressionsString OperatorThe conca
Page 44 and 45: ExpressionsOperatorlikenot likeOper
Page 46 and 47: Expressions• You can use the esca
Page 48 and 49: ExpressionsBecause procedures can r
Page 50 and 51: System-defined FunctionsThis rule h
Page 52 and 53: System-defined FunctionsNameOperand
Page 54 and 55: System-defined FunctionsName Operan
Page 56 and 57: System-defined FunctionsNameshift(c
Page 58 and 59: System-defined FunctionsSome date f
Page 60 and 61: System-defined FunctionsThe followi
Page 62 and 63: System-defined FunctionsCount Funct
Page 64 and 65: System-defined FunctionsResult Data
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 3: Writing Scripts and Proc
Page 69 and 70: ScriptsDeclare local variables that
Page 71 and 72: ScriptsUserEventSpecifies a user ev
Page 73 and 74: ScriptsExample—Field and Menu Ite
Page 75 and 76: ProceduresOpenROAD lets you create
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ProceduresReturning from a Procedur
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ProceduresExample—Local Procedure
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Procedures4GL DataTypedatemoneyfloa
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Calling Procedures• In this call
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Calling ProceduresparameterAssigns
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How Procedure Handles Work (ProcHan
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Compiler LimitationsYou can avoid t
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How You Can Invoke FramesHow the Cu
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How You Can Invoke FramesHow You Ca
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How You Can Invoke FramesFor more i
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How You Can Invoke FramesFor exampl
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How You Can Invoke FramesIf the obj
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How You Can Invoke FramesHow You Ca
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How You Can Invoke Frames• Prompt
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How You Can Invoke FramesThe syntax
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How You Can Run Non-interactive App
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How You Can Reference ObjectsHow Yo
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How You Can Reference ObjectsHow Yo
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How You Can Reference ObjectsUse an
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Using an Object-oriented Approach t
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InheritanceClass RelationshipsYou c
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InheritanceYou can specify a user c
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InheritanceThe Terminate method is
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How You Can Create a User ClassWhen
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How You Can Create a User ClassHow
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How You Can Create a User Class3. G
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How You Can Create a User ClassTo e
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External ClassesHow You Can Use Ext
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External ClassesExample—ActiveX C
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How You Can Manipulate Objects Gene
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Overview of the OpenROAD System Cla
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How You Can Access a Database with
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How You Can Manage TransactionsHow
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How You Can Manage TransactionsDivi
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How You Can Manage TransactionsTo c
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How Programming for Multiple Sessio
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Handling Database ErrorsIn OpenROAD
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Handling Database ErrorsIf a databa
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Handling Database ErrorsFor example
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Handling Database Errorsbeginerr_no
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Arrays and Table Fields—Conceptua
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ArraysBecause an individual attribu
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ArraysDeclaring an array variable d
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ArraysThe following statement puts
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Arraysfor i = custtable.FirstRow to
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ArraysHow You Can Add Rows to an Ar
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ArraysThe inserted row is blank bec
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ArraysThe following code fragment i
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ArraysThese attributes are:AllRowsR
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ArraysAttributes used in a sort can
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ArraysThe format parameter can be a
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Table FieldsTable Fields and Associ
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Table FieldsThe following applicati
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Table FieldsThis syntax references
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Table FieldsFor example, the follow
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Table Field OperationsTable Field C
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Table Field OperationsHow You Can U
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Table Field OperationsWhen you use
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Table Field OperationsBiases can be
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Table Field OperationsThe following
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Table Field OperationsHow You Can T
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Table Field OperationsTableField Me
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Table Field OperationsFor example,
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Table Field OperationsControlling M
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CollectionsCollectionsA collection
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Collections// Open a workbook and p
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Listview_Treeview_DemoImport the De
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Listview FieldsListview FieldsA lis
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Listview FieldsextensionSpecifies a
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Listview FieldsImageIndexSpecifies
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TreeNode and Tree ClassesHeaderClic
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TreeNode and Tree ClassesMaintenanc
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Treeview FieldsHow You Can Build a
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Treeview FieldsThe second window is
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Treeview FieldsThe tree_ex2_class h
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Chapter 9: Working with Images and
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe fol
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe Col
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How You Can Work with ImagesThe Bit
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How You Can Work with Images5. Add
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How You Can Work with Text StringsD
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How You Can Work with Text StringsH
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How You Can Call 3GL ProceduresIn t
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How You Can Use Exec 4GL Statements
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How You Can Link 3GL ProceduresHow
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Sample 3GL ProceduresExec 4GL and E
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How You Can Use Data Entry Error Ha
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Chapter 12: Managing Event QueuesTh
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Event-based ProgrammingThe followin
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Event-based ProgrammingEvent TypesT
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Event-based ProgrammingField Events
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Event-based ProgrammingBecause all
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Event-based ProgrammingThe followin
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Event-based ProgrammingThe resume s
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Event-based ProgrammingNote: The da
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Communicating Between OpenROAD Fram
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How You Can Communicate with an Ext
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How You Can Communicate Between Ope
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How You Can Communicate Between Ope
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Chapter 14: Creating Dynamic Frames
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How You Can Change Field and Frame
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How You Can Create and Modify Field
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How You Can Remove Fields Dynamical
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How You Can Declare a Composite Fie
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How You Can Manipulate Data in Dyna
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How You Can Manage Operations with
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How You Can Build a Frame Dynamical
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Dynamic Statements ConsiderationsDy
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How You Can Write an AssistantNote:
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How You Can Write an AssistantFirst
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How You Can Write an AssistantBecau
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How You Can Ensure Compatibility Be
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Chapter 17: Preprocessing Your 4GL
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PreprocessorGeneral Preprocessor St
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PreprocessorThe #define StatementTh
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Error ProcessingGuidelines for Usin
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Chapter 18: Debugging Your Applicat
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How You Can Test an ApplicationHow
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsTo
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How You Can Use Break Conditions3.
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsWay
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsSet
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How You Can Use Break Conditions•
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How You Can Use Break ConditionsMet
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How You Can Log Trace InformationDa
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How You Can Monitor a Running Appli
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How You Can Monitor a Running Appli
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How You Can Debug Database QueriesT
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How Debugging an Application WorksS
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How Debugging an Application WorksH
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How Debugging an Application WorksW
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How Debugging an Application WorksH
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How Debugging an Application WorksW
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How Debugging an Application WorksL
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How Debugging an Application WorksA
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Appendix A: SQL Syntax SummaryThis
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SQL Syntax Summarygrant all [privil
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OpenSQL Syntax SummaryOpenSQL Synta
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Operating System CommandsThe follow
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BitmapObject classThe BitmapObject
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external classAn external class def
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local variableLocal variables conta
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StringObject classThe StringObject
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Index'' ' (single quotation marks)c
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Attributesdefined • 28referencing
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using to copy data • 244using wit
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application threads • 444array di
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examining values • 473hexadecimal
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Gmoney • 51numeric list • 53pad
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Namesapplication • 21dynamic •
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ReadOps attributesettings • 243Re
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concat function • 54functions •
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event chains • 323event queue •
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