etude de la qualite des eaux d'un hydrosysteme fluvial ... - LTHE

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Figure 2.4.41: Boundary condition of DO in thesecond periodFigure 2.4.42: Boundary condition of pH in the secondperiodFigure 2.4.43: Boundary condition of DO in the thirdperiodFigure 2.4.44: Boundary condition of pH in the thirdperiodFigure 2.4.45: Boundary condition of NH 4 in thesecond periodFigure 2.4.46: Boundary condition of conductivity inthe second period160
Figure 2.4.47: Boundary condition of NH 4 in the thirdperiodFigure 2.4.48: Boundary condition of conductivity inthe third periodThese above figures indicate a strong biodegradation. It is marked by critical a low DO, a lowpH, and an enriched NH 4 .In general, due to the dynamic change of water regime and meteorological condition diurnalvariation were not seen from this set of boundary condition.4.8.2. Results of the validation simulationAs represented above, the model calibration in steady state and unsteady state conditions haverevealed two different subsets of estimated parameters. The difference is placed on the growthrate of heterotrophic bacteria. Because the data employed in estimation of parameters inunsteady state condition look promptly, the estimated values obtained from this estimationmay not well representative for the other periods of the year. Therefore, in this validationsimulation, we decided to carry out the simulation on both parameter subsets. We name thesimulation results with the parameter subset estimated in steady state condition as case 1 andthe simulation results with the parameter subset estimated in unsteady state condition as case2. The results are represented in the following figures.161
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THESISFor obtaining the doctorate d
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3. utilisation de ce modèle pour
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L’ensemble de ces indices permet
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2. Modélisation du système fluvia
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3. Caractéristiques principales de
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ForewordsThis thesis pursues an env
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Principal contentsIntroduction 1Pre
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framework for which it was develope
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PART 1: PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY5
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1. The Nhue-To Lich river basins1.1
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3.77 m for low and high irrigation,
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1.2.2. RainfallFigure 1.1.4: Monthl
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Over the whole year, the monthly av
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Figure 1.1.15: Pie chart of land us
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2. Data base constructionIn order t
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2.2. Organization of the field surv
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confluence point. The other points
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In summary, the frequency of the ex
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Point Time Level Discharge Cross-se
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conducted independently from the sc
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Figure 1.2.7: DO in on-boat surveyF
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Figure 1.2.9 presents the photos of
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degradable organic fraction in tota
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natural products chemistry led by P
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The analysis of chlorophyll-a is ca
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small comparison between DOC, BOD m
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3. Hydrology of the Nhue-To Lich ri
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Figure 1.3.3: Gate structure at the
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The rating curve at Cau Den was als
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counted here is constantly distribu
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4. Water quality of the Nhue-To-Lic
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Figure 1.4.5: DO extracted from mon
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the contrary, the low correlation o
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Figure 1.4.13: PCA of the upstream
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anthropogenic impact is short at th
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In conclusion, the seasonal variati
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NO3 in nitrification process requir
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PART 2: MODELLING OF THE NHUE-TOLIC
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IntroductionOne objective of this t
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definition of the system identifies
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Y = [(Σ((x c - x m ) 2 /x m,a )/n]
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3. The validation criteria are form
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1.2.2. Hydrodynamics and hydraulics
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AQUASIM's second task is to perform
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QUAL2 was specifically designed to
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UK; Wallingford Software 1994); 8 =
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system will be declared in the next
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The performance of parameter estima
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Based on these 3 factors, we have c
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The lengths of the first, the secon
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Figure 2.2.2: Rear Thuy Phuong dam
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2.3.3. Biochemical conceptual schem
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1973; Yen, 1979; French, 1985). The
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+ Heterotrophic growth on dissolved
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The loss of heterotrophic biomass i
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O 2 /l)P/l)S NH4 : concentration of
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In contrast, the Nhue river is ofte
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2.4.2.1.4. Estimation of the kineti
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In fresh water environment, the equ
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+ NH 4 exchangeIn this equation, th
Page 129 and 130: τ cd : critical shear stress for d
Page 131 and 132: The critical shear stress for erosi
Page 133 and 134: 2.4.2.2.6. Precipitation/dissolutio
Page 135 and 136: The table 2.2.9 represents complete
Page 137 and 138: 3.2. Initial and boundary condition
Page 139 and 140: N1TLSpecies Prior simulation After
Page 141 and 142: 3.3. Simulation prior to calibratio
Page 143 and 144: adsorption in our river. The decrea
Page 145 and 146: and an intermediate class 2 with
Page 147 and 148: 3. The half-saturation coefficients
Page 149 and 150: negligible factor in the polluted a
Page 151 and 152: 3.5. Results of the post-calibratio
Page 153 and 154: conceptual scheme and in providing
Page 155 and 156: case of inundation. We suppose that
Page 157 and 158: the inconsistence data employed in
Page 159 and 160: 4. Simulation of the transient stat
Page 161 and 162: water discharge can dilute the diss
Page 163 and 164: this modelling period with previous
Page 165 and 166: 4.4.1.3. Estimation of accumulative
Page 167 and 168: 4.4.2.2. Boundary conditions for un
Page 169 and 170: Figure 2.4.19: Initial condition of
Page 171 and 172: The diurnal variation is another tr
Page 173 and 174: Figure 2.4.29: Simulated and measur
Page 175 and 176: August 1 st to 4 th 2003. Of which
Page 177 and 178: The wind speed was predicted from t
Page 179: occurrence is regular whenever rain
Page 183 and 184: Figure 2.4.55: Simulated and measur
Page 185 and 186: Figure 2.4.59: Turbidity at NT1 in
Page 187 and 188: PART 3: DISCUSSION167
Page 189 and 190: IntroductionIn the previous parts,
Page 191 and 192: Figure 3.1.1: Average chlorophyll-a
Page 193 and 194: In conclusion, with high nutrient l
Page 195 and 196: Dissolved oxygen (g O 2 /m 2 /d) NH
Page 197 and 198: - DO balanceFigure 3.1.9: Dissolved
Page 199 and 200: - NH 4 balanceFigure 3.1.11: NH 4 b
Page 201 and 202: Figure 3.1.14: NH 4 balance in summ
Page 203 and 204: Figure 3.1.15: Exponential relation
Page 205 and 206: 2. Investigations toward restoratio
Page 207 and 208: Figure 3.2.3: Simulation based on d
Page 209 and 210: The distance of recovery is hardly
Page 211 and 212: upstream inflow. It also implies th
Page 213 and 214: So far, the wastewater of the Hanoi
Page 215 and 216: The simulation results of two varia
Page 217 and 218: Figure 3.2.17: DO at NT2 in differe
Page 219 and 220: Figure 3.2.21: Evolution of DO at d
Page 221 and 222: As shown in simulation results, the
Page 223 and 224: Conclusion and perspectivesConclusi
Page 225 and 226: processes which were not measured.
Page 227 and 228: 1. Annex 1: Experimental protocols
Page 229 and 230: PO 4P totalRange Method Standardsol
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- Analytical methods+ BOD: Water sa
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MgClSO 4HCO 3TraceelementsRange Met
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2. Annex 2: Estimation of organic m
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Ratios between heterotrophic bacter
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- To assess the individual local pa
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δmabsj=1n∑n i=1sijParameter rank
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The above definition has a simple i
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4. Annex 4: Mathematical formulas i
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⎛∧ ⎜j = ⎜QC⎜⎝iQ ⎞∂C
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6. Annex 6: Stoichiometric coeffici
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Subs. ValueUnitaerobic sediment exc
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kwind⎛= ⎜⎝ 3.6e1−1 225 10
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DO evolution in Bell Jar experiment
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Firstly of all, NH 4 and DO behave
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Results of Bell Jar experiment at T
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As clearly observed in the figure a
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10. Annex 10: Parameter estimation
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and parameter estimation. It is exp
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First of all, an experimental layou
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ate of phytoplankton also ranks low
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ReferencesAalderink R.H., Klaver N.
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Brown L.C. and Barnwell T.O. (1987)
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Henze M., Grady C.P.L., Gujer W., M
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Liss, P.S. and Slater, P.G. (1974)
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Prieur N. (2001) Dynamique des cont
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Smith, V. H., Tilman G. D., and Nek
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Zonneveld C. (1998) A cell-based mo
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