etude de la qualite des eaux d'un hydrosysteme fluvial ... - LTHE

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3. Annex 3: Sensitivity functions, collinearity index andparameter estimation1. Sensitivity functionsThis annex describes the method used to select the most sensitive parameters for a givenconceptual scheme.- The illustration of sensitivity function is represented in the following figure.Interpretation of the absolute-relative sensitivity functiona,rv = θ ∂η(θ ) / ∂θafter Reichert,y,p0(1994)218
- To assess the individual local parameter importance (v), we consider the sensitivity of themodel output to small changes in the η(θ) parameter values θ at a specific location θ 0 . Userhas 4 different choices of calculating the sensitivity function. They are listed below.a,a ∂η(θ )vη,θ= (a)∂θr,a 1 ∂η(θ )vη,θ=(b)η(θ ) ∂θ0a,r ∂η(θ )vη,θ= θ0(c)∂θr,r θ0 ∂η(θ )v η,θ =(d)η( θ 0) ∂θIn these functions, η(θ) is an arbitrary variable calculated by AQUASIM and θ is a modelparameter. The absolute-absolute sensitivity function (a) measures the absolute change in η(θ)per unit of change in θ, the relative-absolute sensitivity function (b) measures the relativechange in η(θ) per unit of change in θ, the absolute-relative sensitivity function (c) measuresthe absolute change in η(θ) for a 100 % change in θ, and the relative-relative sensitivityfunction (d) measures the relative change in η(θ) for a 100 % change in θ. All these changesare calculated in linear approximation only.The most useful sensitivity functions are the absolute-relative sensitivity function (c) and therelative-relative sensitivity function (d), because their units do not depend on the unit of theparameter. This makes quantitative comparisons of the effect of different parameters θ on acommon variable η(θ) possible. Because the relative-relative sensitivity function (d) is nondimensional,this sensitivity function can not only be used to compare the effect of differentparameters on a common variable, but also the effects of different parameters on differentvariables.219
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THESISFor obtaining the doctorate d
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3. utilisation de ce modèle pour
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L’ensemble de ces indices permet
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2. Modélisation du système fluvia
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3. Caractéristiques principales de
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ForewordsThis thesis pursues an env
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Principal contentsIntroduction 1Pre
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framework for which it was develope
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PART 1: PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY5
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1. The Nhue-To Lich river basins1.1
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3.77 m for low and high irrigation,
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1.2.2. RainfallFigure 1.1.4: Monthl
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Over the whole year, the monthly av
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Figure 1.1.15: Pie chart of land us
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2. Data base constructionIn order t
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2.2. Organization of the field surv
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confluence point. The other points
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In summary, the frequency of the ex
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Point Time Level Discharge Cross-se
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conducted independently from the sc
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Figure 1.2.7: DO in on-boat surveyF
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Figure 1.2.9 presents the photos of
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degradable organic fraction in tota
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natural products chemistry led by P
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The analysis of chlorophyll-a is ca
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small comparison between DOC, BOD m
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3. Hydrology of the Nhue-To Lich ri
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Figure 1.3.3: Gate structure at the
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The rating curve at Cau Den was als
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counted here is constantly distribu
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4. Water quality of the Nhue-To-Lic
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Figure 1.4.5: DO extracted from mon
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the contrary, the low correlation o
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Figure 1.4.13: PCA of the upstream
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anthropogenic impact is short at th
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In conclusion, the seasonal variati
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NO3 in nitrification process requir
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PART 2: MODELLING OF THE NHUE-TOLIC
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IntroductionOne objective of this t
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definition of the system identifies
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Y = [(Σ((x c - x m ) 2 /x m,a )/n]
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3. The validation criteria are form
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1.2.2. Hydrodynamics and hydraulics
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AQUASIM's second task is to perform
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QUAL2 was specifically designed to
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UK; Wallingford Software 1994); 8 =
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system will be declared in the next
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The performance of parameter estima
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Based on these 3 factors, we have c
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The lengths of the first, the secon
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Figure 2.2.2: Rear Thuy Phuong dam
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2.3.3. Biochemical conceptual schem
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1973; Yen, 1979; French, 1985). The
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+ Heterotrophic growth on dissolved
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The loss of heterotrophic biomass i
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O 2 /l)P/l)S NH4 : concentration of
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In contrast, the Nhue river is ofte
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2.4.2.1.4. Estimation of the kineti
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In fresh water environment, the equ
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+ NH 4 exchangeIn this equation, th
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τ cd : critical shear stress for d
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The critical shear stress for erosi
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2.4.2.2.6. Precipitation/dissolutio
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The table 2.2.9 represents complete
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3.2. Initial and boundary condition
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N1TLSpecies Prior simulation After
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3.3. Simulation prior to calibratio
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adsorption in our river. The decrea
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and an intermediate class 2 with
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3. The half-saturation coefficients
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negligible factor in the polluted a
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3.5. Results of the post-calibratio
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conceptual scheme and in providing
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case of inundation. We suppose that
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the inconsistence data employed in
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4. Simulation of the transient stat
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water discharge can dilute the diss
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this modelling period with previous
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4.4.1.3. Estimation of accumulative
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4.4.2.2. Boundary conditions for un
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Figure 2.4.19: Initial condition of
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The diurnal variation is another tr
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Figure 2.4.29: Simulated and measur
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August 1 st to 4 th 2003. Of which
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The wind speed was predicted from t
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occurrence is regular whenever rain
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Figure 2.4.47: Boundary condition o
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Figure 2.4.55: Simulated and measur
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Figure 2.4.59: Turbidity at NT1 in
Page 187 and 188: PART 3: DISCUSSION167
Page 189 and 190: IntroductionIn the previous parts,
Page 191 and 192: Figure 3.1.1: Average chlorophyll-a
Page 193 and 194: In conclusion, with high nutrient l
Page 195 and 196: Dissolved oxygen (g O 2 /m 2 /d) NH
Page 197 and 198: - DO balanceFigure 3.1.9: Dissolved
Page 199 and 200: - NH 4 balanceFigure 3.1.11: NH 4 b
Page 201 and 202: Figure 3.1.14: NH 4 balance in summ
Page 203 and 204: Figure 3.1.15: Exponential relation
Page 205 and 206: 2. Investigations toward restoratio
Page 207 and 208: Figure 3.2.3: Simulation based on d
Page 209 and 210: The distance of recovery is hardly
Page 211 and 212: upstream inflow. It also implies th
Page 213 and 214: So far, the wastewater of the Hanoi
Page 215 and 216: The simulation results of two varia
Page 217 and 218: Figure 3.2.17: DO at NT2 in differe
Page 219 and 220: Figure 3.2.21: Evolution of DO at d
Page 221 and 222: As shown in simulation results, the
Page 223 and 224: Conclusion and perspectivesConclusi
Page 225 and 226: processes which were not measured.
Page 227 and 228: 1. Annex 1: Experimental protocols
Page 229 and 230: PO 4P totalRange Method Standardsol
Page 231 and 232: - Analytical methods+ BOD: Water sa
Page 233 and 234: MgClSO 4HCO 3TraceelementsRange Met
Page 235 and 236: 2. Annex 2: Estimation of organic m
Page 237: Ratios between heterotrophic bacter
Page 241 and 242: δmabsj=1n∑n i=1sijParameter rank
Page 243 and 244: The above definition has a simple i
Page 245 and 246: 4. Annex 4: Mathematical formulas i
Page 247 and 248: ⎛∧ ⎜j = ⎜QC⎜⎝iQ ⎞∂C
Page 249 and 250: 6. Annex 6: Stoichiometric coeffici
Page 252 and 253: Subs. ValueUnitaerobic sediment exc
Page 254 and 255: kwind⎛= ⎜⎝ 3.6e1−1 225 10
Page 257 and 258: DO evolution in Bell Jar experiment
Page 259 and 260: Firstly of all, NH 4 and DO behave
Page 261 and 262: Results of Bell Jar experiment at T
Page 263 and 264: As clearly observed in the figure a
Page 265 and 266: 10. Annex 10: Parameter estimation
Page 267 and 268: and parameter estimation. It is exp
Page 269 and 270: First of all, an experimental layou
Page 271 and 272: ate of phytoplankton also ranks low
Page 273 and 274: ReferencesAalderink R.H., Klaver N.
Page 275 and 276: Brown L.C. and Barnwell T.O. (1987)
Page 277 and 278: Henze M., Grady C.P.L., Gujer W., M
Page 279 and 280: Liss, P.S. and Slater, P.G. (1974)
Page 281 and 282: Prieur N. (2001) Dynamique des cont
Page 283 and 284: Smith, V. H., Tilman G. D., and Nek
Page 285: Zonneveld C. (1998) A cell-based mo
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etude de la qualite des eaux d'un hydrosysteme fluvial ... - LTHE

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