<strong>little</strong> <strong>eyes</strong>,<strong>little</strong> <strong>ears</strong>Glossary of termsC<strong>la</strong>rifying <strong>de</strong>finitions helps uscommunicate with a share<strong>du</strong>n<strong>de</strong>rstanding of important concepts.Abuse can be used by females against malesand early evi<strong>de</strong>nce suggests the effect on childrenis different than when a man is the aggressor. 14In this resource, we address the abuse of women bymen and how it is experienced by their children.coercive controlAn on-going pattern of domination using strategies thatinclu<strong>de</strong> irrational <strong>de</strong>mands, surveil<strong>la</strong>nce, iso<strong>la</strong>tion, and therealistic threat of negative consequences such as physicalharm. It can be used as a guise for child "discipline."The Power & Control Wheel from the Domestic AbuseIntervention Project [www.<strong>du</strong>luth-mo<strong>de</strong>l.org] shows thespectrum of tactics used against women such as threats,intimidation, emotional abuse, iso<strong>la</strong>tion, minimization,and <strong>de</strong>nial of harm.Evan Stark (2007). Coercive Control: HowMen Entrap Women in Personal Life.Oxford University Press.domestic violenceThe abuse, assault or systematic control of someoneby an intimate partner, usually but not always apattern of behaviour used by men against women.child exposure todomestic violenceSeeing, hearing, being told about,or seeing the aftermath of abuseand coercive control used againsta parent.child maltreatmentAlso called “child abuse,” a term that can mean physical,sexual or emotional abuse, and/or physical or emotionalneglect and/or <strong>de</strong>nial of medical care.intimate partner violenceA term now common in the research literature usuallyreferring to what can be gen<strong>de</strong>r symmetrical or bidirectionalviolence in a re<strong>la</strong>tionship: male to female, orfemale to male.When reading research articles, check to seehow the authors <strong>de</strong>fine violence: who, what, whereand when. Does it match your <strong>de</strong>finition? Does itmatch the profile of people you meet in your work?woman abuseA pattern of male behaviour characterized by coercivecontrol tactics against a woman that may, or may not,involve physical assault.2Many people use the term “woman abuse”because it <strong>de</strong>notes the gen<strong>de</strong>red nature ofdomestic violence.
how violence against a mother shapes children as they growTypes of abuse againstwomen and childrenAbuse does not always involvephysical violenceAbuse can be motivated by a need to be in control, to<strong>de</strong>mean, to intimidate, and to put the victim in a positionof powerlessness. Abuse can be directed at a<strong>du</strong>lts,teenagers, or children. Several types of abuse can be11, 15present in the same family.child sexual abuseAny sexual contact with a child or any activity un<strong>de</strong>rtakenwith a sexual purpose. It can inclu<strong>de</strong> genital fondling,digital penetration, or an invitation to sexually touch theperpetrator.emotional abuseDemeaning comments, insults, taunts about being useless,<strong>la</strong>zy, fat, ugly, or stupid, dictating how she dresses, threatsof suici<strong>de</strong>, threats of taking the children, surveil<strong>la</strong>nce,baseless jealousy, cutting her off from family or friends,abusing pets, <strong>de</strong>stroying sentimental or valuedpossessions. Children can also be emotionally abused.Emotional abuse is also called “psychological abuse.”neglectOn-going failure to provi<strong>de</strong> nee<strong>de</strong>d age-appropriate care,such as food, clothing, supervision, medical care and otherbasic needs for <strong>de</strong>velopment of physical, intellectual an<strong>de</strong>motional capacities in children.Look on the web site of the NationalClearinghouse on Family Violence foroverview papers about child maltreatment,child sexual abuse, emotional abuse, intimatepartner abuse against men, abuse of ol<strong>de</strong>ra<strong>du</strong>lts, and woman abuse.sexual abuseForced sex, distasteful or painful sexual activity, exposureto AIDS or other sexually-transmitted diseases, refusal topermit the use of birth control.spiritual abuseRidicule or punishment for holding a religious or culturalbelief, forbidding practice of a person's religion or forcingadherence to different practices.In some parts of <strong>Canada</strong>, exposing children todomestic violence may be consi<strong>de</strong>red a form ofemotional harm or emotional injury. See page 37.economic abuseWithholding money, taking her money, spendingfrivolously while the children do without necessities,making all major purchases, <strong>de</strong>nying access to bankaccounts, preventing her from taking or keeping a job.physical abuseS<strong>la</strong>pping, punching, kicking, shoving, choking, burning,biting, pushing down stairs, stabbing or s<strong>la</strong>shing witha knife, shooting, hitting with an object.3
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- Page 44: References cited1. Linda Baker & Ly