ICCS 2009 Technical Report - IEA

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Figure 12.19: Confirmatory factor analysis of items measuring principals’ perceptions of the localcommunityIC2G06A0.530.69IC2G06B0.451.00SCSTUDOP0.740.650.680.73IC2G06CIC2G06D0.580.530.630.53IC2G06E0.47IC2G06F 0.600.16IC2G06G 0.72IC2G13A0.431.00RESCOM0.750.890.88IC2G13B0.210.740.84IC2G13C0.230.130.76IC2G13D0.45IC2G13E0.29IC2G13G 0.42-0.17IC2G14A0.41IC2G14B0.201.00 COMSOCT0.770.890.910.850.820.920.940.920.950.940.940.93IC2G14CIC2G14DIC2G14E0.180.280.32IC2G14F 0.15IC2G14G 0.12IC2G14H0.15IC2G14I0.09IC2G14J 0.12IC2G14K 0.12RMSEA 0.080NNFI 0.91CFI 0.92IC2G14L 0.13SCALING PROCEDURES FOR ICCS questionnaire ITEMS219
Principals’ reports on school climateTable 12.36 presents the reliabilities (Cronbach’s alpha) for the two scales that were derivedfrom questions regarding principals’ reports on school climate. The two scales, which areincluded in the ICCS school database, were named:• Principals’ perceptions of students’ behavior at school (CSTUDBEH);• Principals’ perceptions of social problems at school (CSCPROB).When answering Question 11, principals were asked to state the number of students theythought behaved in ways listed in a series of items. Response categories were “all or nearlyall,” “most of them,” “some of them,” and “none or hardly any.” The last two categories werecollapsed for scaling. The four items associated with the question were used to form the scaleprincipals’ perceptions of students’ behavior at school (CSTUDBEH). This scale had a reliability(Cronbach’s alpha) of 0.86 for the pooled ICCS sample. The reliability estimates acrossparticipating countries ranged from 0.71 to 0.96 (see Table 12.36). Table 12.37 shows theitem wording and the item parameters that were used for scaling. The higher values on thisscale come from principals who thought that relatively high numbers of students exhibited thebehaviors listed.Question 12 required principals to indicate the frequency with which students at the schoolexperienced specified social problems (“never,” “sometimes,” “often,” “very often”). The last twocategories were collapsed for scaling. The nine items associated with the question were used toform the scale principals’ perceptions of social problems at school (CSCPROB). The higher scores onthis scale indicate perceptions of a relatively high incidence of social problems. This scale had areliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of 0.80 for the pooled ICCS sample, and the country reliabilitiesranged from 0.48 to 0.91 (see Table 12.36). The item parameters that were used for scaling areshown in Table 12.37.The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit (see Figure12.20) and generally strong factor loadings. Item IC2G15B (“truancy”) had somewhat loweritem reliability than the other items measuring the scale CSCPROB (“social problems atschool”). The two latent factors were negatively correlated at -0.42, a result which indicatesthat school principals who saw their students exhibiting generally positive behaviors tended toreport fewer social problems at their schools.Principals’ reports on sense of belonging to schoolThree scales were derived from questions regarding principals’ reports on the local community.The reliabilities of these scales are reported in Table 12.34. The scales, all of which are includedin the ICCS school database, were named:• Principals’ perceptions of teachers’ sense of belonging to school (TSCSBEL);• Principals’ perceptions of students’ sense of belonging to school (SSCSBEL);• Principals’ perceptions of non-teaching staff ’s sense of belonging to school (NSCSBEL).Question 12 of the school questionnaire asked principals to rate the extent to which a series ofstatements regarding sense of belonging to school applied to the teachers, the students, and thenon-teaching staff at their school (“to a large extent,” “to a moderate extent,” “to a small extent,”“not at all”). The last two categories were collapsed for scaling.The first four items in the question related to teachers’ sense of belonging, and all four wereused to derive the scale principals’ perceptions of teachers’ sense of belonging to school (TSCSBEL).This scale had a reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of 0.83 for the pooled sample and reliabilitiesthat ranged from 0.56 to 0.93 across the participating countries (see Table 12.38). Table 12.39220ICCS 2009 technical report
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School sampling design 63Within-sch
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6ICCS 2009 technical report
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Table 9.9: Numbers of NRC responses
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Table 12.37: Item parameters for sc
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Figure 12.7: Confirmatory factor an
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Table B.21.1: Allocation of student
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ICCS collected data from more than
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• A 30-minute school questionnair
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ReferencesAmadeo, J., Torney-Purta,
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Table 2.1: Test development process
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PanelingPaneling is a team-based ap
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Development of constructed-response
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Table 2.6: Field trial item mapping
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Released test itemsTwo clusters of
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32 ICCS 2009 technical report
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• Civic identities, comprising tw
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The context of the wider community
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The international options offered t
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Some of the constructs measured thr
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Discussion with national centers an
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was that the test would focus on kn
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Asian questionnaire developmentThe
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Of these, the survey instruments (c
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Adaptation of the instrumentsIn the
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International translation verifiers
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Quality control monitor reviewIEA h
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Teacher target populationICCS defin
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Table 6.1: Population coverage and
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Table 6.2: School, student, and tea
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The team next selected a sample fro
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Systematic sampling was used for se
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In a small number of countries, the
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Class non-response adjustment (WGTA
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Teacher non-response adjustment (WG
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Calculating participation ratesFor
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Table 7.1: Unweighted participation
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The unweighted overall participatio
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Table 7.4: Weighted participation r
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Table 7.5: Categories into which co
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Table 7.7: Participation by country
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• The School Sampling Manual (ICC
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School coordinators were required t
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For countries administering the sch
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Scoring the ICCS assessmentThe succ
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Quality control throughout the data
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Table 8.3: Weighted percentages of
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ICCS International Study Center (20
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They received an overview of the st
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Survey administration activities du
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Table 9.3: Percentages of IQCM resp
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Table 9.9: Numbers of NRC responses
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Table 9.12: Numbers of NRC response
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The majority of countries used the
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ReferencesICCS International Study
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After the item-statistics review ha
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Documentation and structure checkFo
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Filter questions, which appeared in
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SummaryTo achieve a high standard o
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Test coverage and item dimensionali
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Table 11.1: Item total-score correl
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Assessment of scorer reliabilitiesT
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Table 11.3: Gender DIF estimates fo
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Table 11.4 shows the percentages of
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fell below 70 percent were removed.
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Table 11.6: National items excluded
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Table 11.7: Final item parameters u
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Table 11.9: Median test reliabiliti
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The approach chosen was essentially
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Figure 11.6: Scatterplot for link i
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Here, s 2 represents the variance o
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Table 11.15: Reliabilities for Euro
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ReferencesAdams, R. (2002). Scaling
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their parents’ levels of educatio
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Teacher questionnaireIndividual tea
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In the case of items with more than
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Figure 12.1: Summed category probab
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Table 12.1: Reliabilities for scale
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Page 201 and 202: In Question 19, teachers were asked
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Page 209 and 210: Teachers’ reports of teaching civ
Page 213 and 214: School questionnairePrincipals’ r
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Page 239 and 240: All of the items associated with Qu
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Page 245 and 246: In Question 4, students were asked
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Page 257 and 258: Students’ perceptions of public s
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Page 263 and 264: Table 13.1: Numbers of sampling zon
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The software package HLM 6.08 (Raud
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Table 13.4: Coefficients of missing
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During the multiple regression anal
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SummaryThe jackknife repeated repli
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Staff at the IEA Data Processing an
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Republic of KoreaTae-Jun KimKorean
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Appendix B: Characteristics of nati
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Table B.3: Allocation of student sa
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B.6. Colombia• Night schools, wee
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Table B.8.2: Allocation of teacher
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B.12. Estonia• Schools for adults
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B.14. Greece• Night schools and s
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B.20. Korea• Special education sc
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B.23. Lithuania• Special needs sc
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Table B.29.1: Allocation of student
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Table B.32: Allocation of student s
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B.34. Slovenia• Dislocated units
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B.36. Sweden• Special needs schoo
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B.38. Thailand• Special education
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Table C1: Descriptions of cognitive
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Table C1: Descriptions of cognitive
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Table D.1: List of international an
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Table D.3: Years of further schooli
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