ICCS 2009 Technical Report - IEA

Table 12.46: Reliabilities for scales reflecting students’ attitudes toward migration within EuropeCountry Freedom of Movement Restricting Migration Equal OpportunitiesAustria 0.62 0.66 0.85Belgium (Flemish) 0.62 0.66 0.85Bulgaria 0.63 0.70 0.81Cyprus 0.58 0.64 0.82Czech Republic 0.60 0.66 0.80Denmark 0.65 0.71 0.87England 0.71 0.72 0.89Estonia 0.59 0.67 0.77Finland 0.71 0.73 0.89Greece 0.51 0.66 0.82Ireland 0.69 0.66 0.86Italy 0.64 0.66 0.89Latvia 0.53 0.59 0.72Liechtenstein 0.70 0.67 0.88Lithuania 0.54 0.67 0.82Luxembourg 0.59 0.64 0.83Malta 0.57 0.66 0.79Netherlands 0.64 0.66 0.80Poland 0.59 0.73 0.85Slovak Republic 0.58 0.69 0.85Slovenia 0.60 0.70 0.83Spain 0.60 0.68 0.86Sweden 0.71 0.74 0.91Switzerland 0.68 0.67 0.88ICCS average 0.63 0.68 0.85scale reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.85 for the pooled ICCS sample, and the nationalreliabilities ranged from 0.72 to 0.91 (see Table 12.46). Table 12.47 shows the item wordingas well as the item parameters that were used for scaling. The higher values on this scale reflectmore favorable attitudes toward equal opportunities for all European citizens.Figure 12.25 shows the results of the confirmatory factor analysis for these three item sets. Thethree-factor solution had a good model fit, but the factor loadings for EUMOVE (reflectingpositive attitudes toward freedom of movement) and EURESTR (reflecting attitudes in favor ofrestricting migration within Europe) tended to be rather low, an outcome that coincided withthe relatively low reliabilities for these scales. EUMOVE and EUCITOPP (reflecting positiveattitudes toward equal opportunities for other European citizens in the country) were positivelycorrelated at 0.71. These two latent factors (in favor of freedom of movement) had weaknegative correlations with EURESTR.SCALING PROCEDURES FOR ICCS questionnaire ITEMS233