10.07.2015 Views

ICCS 2009 Technical Report - IEA

ICCS 2009 Technical Report - IEA

ICCS 2009 Technical Report - IEA

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Chapter 11: Scaling procedures for <strong>ICCS</strong> test items 129Introduction 129The scaling model 129Test coverage and item dimensionality 130Assessment of item fit 131Assessment of scorer reliabilities 134Differential item functioning by gender 134Cross-national measurement equivalence 136Missing data issues 137International item adjudication 139International item calibration and test reliability 140International ability estimates 143Development of proficiency levels for civic knowledge 147Estimation of changes between 1999 and <strong>2009</strong> 148Regional cognitive items and scales 152Summary 155Chapter 12: Scaling procedures for <strong>ICCS</strong> questionnaire items 157Introduction 157Simple indices 157Scaling procedures 160Scaled indices 164Summary 258Chapter 13: The reporting of <strong>ICCS</strong> results 261Introduction 261Estimation of sampling variance 261Estimation of imputation variance for civic knowledge scores 263<strong>Report</strong>ing of differences 265Multiple regression modeling 268Hierarchical linear modeling 269Missing data treatment in <strong>ICCS</strong> multivariate analyses 270Summary 280Appendices 281Appendix A: Organizations and individuals involved in <strong>ICCS</strong> 281Appendix B: Characteristics of national samples 286Appendix C: Descriptions for cognitive test items and allocations to 315proficiency levelsAppendix D: Tables with coding information 3195

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