Volume 2, ISSUE2/2011 - Review of Applied Socio-Economic ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Pag׀ 84 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 2247-6172Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research(Issue 2/ 2011)URL: http://www.reaser.eue-mail: editors@reaser.euknowing the choice of his wife, the expected and desired husband’s reaction is acceptance the decision of his wife.So husband's decision is positive (denoted y = 1 ) if he accepts that his wife quit his job and this is explained bymthe positive utility ( y* ≥ 0 ) touched by the husband after non-participation of his wife in the labor market. Thenmthe man reacts as his model written as follows:andym,i⎪⎧1= ⎨⎪⎩ 0ifify*m,iy*m,i≥ 0< 0⎪⎧ifand ⎨ ⎪⎩ ifyy*m,i*m,i*ym, i= Ziβ + ε 372,i≥ 0 ⇒ man accepts the decision of his wife< 0 ⇒man refuses his wife's decision4. Estimation and Results4.1. DataThis study uses data from the Survey PAP-FAM, realized in 2001 by the National Family and Population office(ONFP) of Tunisia. The survey covers 6691 households representing 4346 couples (women aged 15 to 54 years). Itconsists of several questionnaires including the household questionnaire that describes the household concerned,providing information on its composition, socioeconomic characteristics of its members, job, spouse's age,educational level of each one of them, marital status, residence and information on parents and children. Of otherquestionnaires that describe the health, the type of housing and other phenomena. Furthermore, the scenariothat should be studied in this paper is as follows: here, there are women who want to quit job after marriage for aspecific reason. We assume that this decision is the result from the fact that they want to care for their children's.Such a decision of married women may be accepted or refused by their spouses. We have a sample of 1396 pairsof observations (man-woman) that all women have participated before marriage in the labor market and thisexplanatory variables are: age of woman denoted w103c (from 16 to 54 years), number of children denotedww109 (between 0 and 12 children), number of woman education years denoted ww105 (between 0 and 20years), profession of woman denoted www206 (decomposed into 6 modalities: 1-worker, 2 –specialized worker,3- trader, 4- middle qualified skills, 5- high qualified skills, 6- liberal professional), participation of woman inexpenditures Household denoted www210 (decomposed in 5 modalities: 1 – almost nothing, 2 – less than half, 3 –almost half, 4 – more than half, 5 - all expenses), woman fathers job denoted ww310 (same modalities of thevariable www206), woman mother’s job denoted ww311 (same modalities of the variable www206), husband’sage noted ww609 (varied between 22 and 98 years), number of years of schooling of husband denoted ww602(range in 0 to 20years), profession of man denoted www607 (same modalities of the variable www206), husband'sparticipation in household product denoted “parhom” (in our case the product of the household is the quality ofchildren, the variable “parhom” is determined by the degree of participation of husband in each of these tasks:education of children (in term of time), punishment of children and child health. Therefore, the variable parhomobtained is decomposed into three modalities: 1 –almost nothing, 2 – sometimes 3 - always). For couples withoutchildren, we assume that parhom = 3) and the milieu variable denoted by wmili1 = 1 if the area is urban and"0"otherwise.Before estimate the strategic model of our decision process, we use the simple probit model to our data. Theprincipal result derived from the probit estimates is that the woman expects that the financial side is the mainfactor that explains the refusal of the husband's decision to quit job. From these estimates, we retain thepertinent variables in explaining the labor supply of married women to use in the strategic estimate.37ε2 is a random disturbance, assumed to be normally distributed with mean zero and variance one.
Pag׀ 85 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 2247-6172Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research(Issue 2/ 2011)URL: http://www.reaser.eue-mail: editors@reaser.eu4.2. Strategic estimate resultsThe estimation of married-women labor supply process via a strategic approach is possible after makingmodifications in the structural equation of traditional models to introduce the expected utility instead of thesimple utility. We used Eviews 5.1, after making the necessary changes 38 . The results obtained are given in thistableTable 1: Parameter Estimates of married-women labor supply processVariables Woman model Man modelw103c -0.168*** 0.008ww109 1.115* 0.031www 105 -0.183** 0.026*www 206 -1.135*** -0.078**www607 0.720*** 0.343***Parhom1 0.225 1.762***From this table, we find that:(i) Coefficients of the number of children (ww109) and the husband's household product participation (Parhom)have the same sign. That result has been initially expected is expected result since the woman anticipates theexistence of positive effects of these two variables implemented in husband’s model. The woman, once she givesup her job, she will try to convince the husband by his decision based on the quality of children (she will more takecare of children). (ii) The negativity of parameters of woman’s education level and of his profession means thatthese variables discouraged the woman gave up her job. (iii) Coefficient of the variable ww109 is shown here (incontrast the probit model) as a dominant variable on the decisions of actors in this model. This is due to theimplementation of wife’s - in his model- anticipation of her husband's reaction. (iv) The quality of children'sinterests as the men and even compensates the negative effect of the woman income on her husband's decision.The woman can then predict factors that contribute to the refusal of her husband. Here, the financial side cannotbe a factor for refusal, contrary to what she provides in the probit model but the quality of children account morefor both partners.5. ConclusionIn this paper, we tried to model; through a strategic approach, the decision-making process of marriedwomenlabor supply in Tunisia taking into account the effect of strategic interaction between the decisions of bothplayer (this modeling is valid for any other strategic discrete-choice process). Based on the terminology of gametheory, we presented the decision process of women labor supply with an extensive tree. However, after specified38 We can use directly the STRAT logiciel, See Signorino 2003.
Page 2 and 3:
Pag׀ 2 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 2247
Page 4 and 5:
Pag׀ 4 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 2247
Page 6:
Pag׀ 6 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 2247
Page 9 and 10:
Pag׀ 9 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 2247
Page 11 and 12:
Pag׀ 11 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 13 and 14:
Pag׀ 13 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 15 and 16:
Pag׀ 15 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 17 and 18:
Pag׀ 17 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 19 and 20:
Pag׀ 19 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 21 and 22:
Pag׀ 21 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 23 and 24:
Pag׀ 23 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 25 and 26:
Pag׀ 25 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 27 and 28:
Pag׀ 27 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 29 and 30:
Pag׀ 29 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 31 and 32:
Pag׀ 31 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 33 and 34: Creating direct and indirect jobs t
Page 35 and 36: Pag׀ 35 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 37 and 38: [12] HEDDAR 1988 « Rôle socio-éc
Page 47 and 48: Percent of GDPLoans to corporations
Page 75 and 76: 6. Employment and skillsPag׀ 75 IS
Page 83: Pag׀ 83 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 224
Page 103 and 104: University Press. 2005.Pag׀ 103 IS
Page 131 and 132: Sub-hypotheses:Pag׀ 131 ISSN: 2247
Page 135 and 136:
Pag׀ 135 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 137 and 138:
Pag׀ 137 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 139 and 140:
Pag׀ 139 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 141 and 142:
Pag׀ 141 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 143 and 144:
Pag׀ 143 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 145 and 146:
Pag׀ 145 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 147 and 148:
Pag׀ 147 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 149 and 150:
Pag׀ 149 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 151 and 152:
Pag׀ 151 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 153 and 154:
Pag׀ 153 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 155 and 156:
Pag׀ 155 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 157 and 158:
3. Socio - economic consequences an
Page 159 and 160:
Pag׀ 159 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 161 and 162:
Pag׀ 161 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 163 and 164:
Pag׀ 163 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 165 and 166:
Pag׀ 165 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 167 and 168:
Pag׀ 167 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 169 and 170:
Pag׀ 169 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 171 and 172:
Pag׀ 171 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 173 and 174:
Pag׀ 173 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 175 and 176:
Pag׀ 175 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 177 and 178:
Pag׀ 177 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 179 and 180:
Pag׀ 179 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 181 and 182:
Pag׀ 181 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 183 and 184:
5. ReferencesPag׀ 183 ISSN: 2247-6
Page 185 and 186:
Pag׀ 185 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 187 and 188:
5. Macroeconomic risks in UkrainePa
Page 189 and 190:
Pag׀ 189 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 191 and 192:
2. The background characteristics o
Page 193 and 194:
population (%)Number of poor 746932
Page 195 and 196:
Pag׀ 195 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
Page 197:
Pag׀ 197 ISSN: 2247-6172ISSN-L: 22
show all

Volume 2, ISSUE2/2011 - Review of Applied Socio-Economic ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?