South Lakeland Health Improvement Plan - NHS Cumbria

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Figure 4.1) IMD 2007 scores by NW district, South Lakeland is highlighted in Yellow.Source: ONSFigure 4.2) IMD scores 2007 ranked by electoral ward. The 47 South Lakeland wardsare shown along with their rank within Cumbria (out of 168). 1 is most deprived, 168 isleast deprived. Data source: Cumbria Area Profiler (Cumbria Intelligence Observatory)IMD rank (within Cumbria)1801601401201008060168167166165164163160158157155154152151150149143141140139136133132130126125124122121120119116113109107106104102100998372686540200Kendal Heron HillKendal ParksWindermere Bowness NorthLeast DeprivedBurton & HolmeLevensUlverston WestKendal GlebelandsArnside & BeethamNatlandKendal OxenholmeKirkby LonsdaleKendal StonecrossCartmelGrangeLakes AmblesideCrooklandsStaveley-in-WestmorlandKendal NetherLakes GrasmereKendal MintsfeetWindermere Bowness SouthLyth ValleyKendal StricklandUlverston NorthWardHolkerKendal CastleCrake ValleyMilnthorpeSedberghWindermere Applethwaite47454327BroughtonWindermere TownUlverston SouthWhinfellLow Furness & SwarthmoorKendal FellStaveley-in-CartmelHawksheadConistonBurnesideKendal HighgateKendal Far CrossUlverston TownUlverston CentralKendal UnderleyKendal KirklandUlverston EastSouth Lakeland Baseline Assessment 2009 14Most Deprived
Deprivation also varies at a smaller scale so that there are localdifferences between areas of South Lakeland. Figure 4.2 illustrates whereeach of the wards in South Lakeland falls when all 168 wards in Cumbria areranked in order of deprivation.The top six least deprived wards in Cumbria are all located in SouthLakeland and include Kendal Heron Hill, Kendal Parks, Windermere BownessNorth and Burton and Holme. Despite the majority of wards falling in the top50% of wards in Cumbria, inequalities within the district exist and severalwards are highlighted as being more deprived. These include: UlverstonCentral, Kendal Underley, Kendal Kirkland and Ulverston East. Particularproblem areas contributing towards low IMD scores in South Lakelandinclude: decent affordable housing, activities for teenagers and road andpavement repairs.5. Mortality RatesMortality refers to the number of deaths in a population in a specific period oftime and is usually expressed as a rate per 100,000. It is important todistinguish mortality from morbidity. Morbidity is classed as ill health (numberof cases occurring (prevalence) or beginning (incidence) within a givenperiod) rather than death.The basic unit of measurement used in quantifying mortality inpopulations is the crude rate. Crude rate is calculated using threecomponents: the number of people in the population who have died; the totalpopulation and the time period in which the deaths took place.However, in order to allow valid comparisons of mortality rates betweenpopulations (both over time and between areas), it is necessary also to takeinto account the different age structures of the populations. This is done usingage standardisation methods to produce a single summary aged standardisedrate.There are two common methods of age standardisation both of whichare used in this report. Both involve choosing a standard population which isbroken down into specific age groups. This is usually the European StandardPopulation (ESP).• Indirect Standardisation - The death rates experienced by each agegroup of the standard population are applied to the population of thestudy group that has been broken down into the same age groups. Thisshows how many people in the study area would have died if thestandard population’s death rate had prevailed. The observed numberof events is then compared to the expected number of events and isusually expressed as a ratio (observed/expected). A common examplewhich is used in this report is the standardised mortality ratio (SMR).A ratio greater than 100 means there were more deaths than expectedand a ratio less than 100 means fewer deaths than expected. E.g. aSMR of 150 means that people are, on average, 50% more likely to dieand a SMR of 50 means they are half as likely to die from a givencondition.*South Lakeland Baseline Assessment 2009 15
Page 1 and 2: South Lakeland HealthImprovement Pl
Page 3 and 4: 23. Quality of Life 4624. Fuel Pove
Page 5 and 6: Despite the general good health of
Page 7 and 8: IntroductionSouth Lakeland covers a
Page 9 and 10: Table 1.2) Population predictions 2
Page 11 and 12: 3. Life ExpectancyLife expectancy i
Page 13: Figure 3.3 illustrates that the HLE
Page 17 and 18: The Department of Health Public Ser
Page 19 and 20: Figure 5.4) SMR’s for all respira
Page 21 and 22: 6. Under 18 Conception RateIn 1999
Page 23 and 24: 8.1. Body Mass Index (BMI)Body Mass
Page 25 and 26: Figure 8.3) Participation in Exerci
Page 27 and 28: Figure 8.5) Percentage of the popul
Page 29 and 30: Figure 8.7) Prevalence of binge dri
Page 31 and 32: Where breastfeeding data has been c
Page 33 and 34: Figure 11.1) Employment structures
Page 35 and 36: Figure 12.1) Household Tenure, Data
Page 37 and 38: 15. SuicideDespite general falling
Page 39 and 40: Figure 16.1) Number of Drug offence
Page 41 and 42: 17.2. Breast CancerBreast cancer is
Page 43 and 44: 19. Influenza VaccineInfluenza (flu
Page 45 and 46: Incapacity benefit is a weekly paym
Page 47 and 48: • Attitudes towards the local env
Page 49 and 50: 24.1. Distance to Nearest GPFigure
Page 51 and 52: 25. Crime and SafetyThe findings of
Page 53 and 54: Table 27.1) Percentage of 16 year o
Page 55 and 56: Figure 28.2 gives directly standard
Page 57 and 58: 28. Key Issues Relating to the Elde
Page 59 and 60: Figure 29.3) Top five causes of mor
Page 61 and 62: the level that Sport England North
Page 63 and 64: Cumbria PCT (2008) Health in Cumbri
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Contact details:Helen Willey - Trai
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South Lakeland Health Improvement Plan - NHS Cumbria

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