Women in NSW 2012 - The Workplace Gender Equality Agency

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Topic 4:The justice systemThis topic covers reporting rates,attrition of cases through thejustice system, court-grantedApprehended Domestic ViolenceOrders (ADVOs) and penalties.As noted earlier, a significantproportion of domestic violenceand sexual assault incidents arenever reported to police and cannottherefore progress through thecriminal justice system. Indicator4.1 provides comparative dataon estimated reporting rates fora crime where the majority ofvictims are female (sexual assault)and a crime where the majorityof victims are male (robbery).Once police record an incident,they must investigate and decidewhether to lay criminal chargesagainst a suspect (the allegedoffender). If charges are laid, theywill be heard in court and the courtwill decide whether the charges areproved beyond reasonable doubt. Ifthe criminal charges are proved, thecourt will sentence the offender.Most sexual offences that arereported to police proceed nofurther than the investigation stage,and the number of sexual offencesrecorded by police is far greaterthan the number of charges provenin court. Indicator 4.2 reports onattrition of sexual offence casesduring police investigation andwithin the justice system.Indicator 4.3 reports on ADVOsgranted by courts in NSW over timeand by geographic spread.4.1 Rate of reporting personal crimes (including sexual assault)Current positionThe direction of changeover timeDiscussionReporting rates for common personal crimes in NSW are lower for a crimewhere women are the majority of victims (sexual assault) than for crimeswhere men are the majority of victims (physical assault and robbery).Gender gaps:• 39 percent for sexual assault (where the majority of victims are female,see Indicator 1.2).• 55 percent for physical assault (where the majority of victims are male,see Indicator 2.1).• 69 percent for robbery (where the majority of victims are male: 46,900male victims nationally in 2010-11 compared to 30,400 female victims).As indicated in Figure 6.3, the reporting rate for robbery has increased overthe last three years, while the reporting rate for sexual assaults has remainedrelatively stable (bearing in mind that these figures are estimates).Research cited by the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research in2006 suggested that adult women are more likely to report sexual assaultvictimisation if they sustain a physical injury, if they are born overseas or if theperpetrator is a stranger 33 . The research also suggests that reporting is notinfluenced by age, education, labour force status, marital status, source ofincome, childhood abuse or prior adult violence.The ABS Crime Victimisation, Australia, 2010-11 survey found that, acrossAustralia, female victims in 2010-11 were more likely than male victims toreport their most recent incident of physical assault to police (55.1 percentcompared to 47.6 percent).33 Fitzgerald J (2006) The attrition of sexual offences from the New South Wales criminal justice system, NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Crime and Justice Bulletin no.92.120 WOMEN IN NSW 2012 | SAFETY AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE
4.1 Rate of reporting personal crimes (including sexual assault) continuedDiscussion continuedOf female victims in 2010-11 who did not report the incident to police,the single most common reason was because it was a ‘personal matter’(12.5 percent of cases). Of male victims in 2010-11 who did not report topolice, the single most common reason was because it was ‘Too trivial/unimportant’ (16.5 percent of cases).Reporting rates used in the ABS Crime Victimisation, Australia publication are expressed as the percentage of victimswhose most recent incident of crime had been reported to the police.Year collected: July 2010 to June 2011.Data source: ABS (2012) Crime Victimisation, Australia, Cat no. 4530.0.More information is available at: www.abs.gov.auFigure 6.3Reporting rates for selected personal crimes, Australia, 2008-09 to 2010-1180706050Percentage (%)4030201002008-092009-102010-11RobberySexual AssaultNote: Most figures except for robbery reporting rates in 2009-10 and 2010-11 have a relative standard error of 25 percent to 50 percent and should be used with caution.Population: People aged 15 years and above and excludes member of the permanent defence forces, certain diplomat personnel of overseas governments, overseas residents in Australia, membersof non-Australian defence forces (and their dependants).Source: ABS (2012) Crime Victimisation, Australia, Cat no. 4530.0.4.2 Attrition* of sexual offence cases through the criminal justice systemCurrent positionOf the 4,886 sexual offence incidents involving child victims reported to theNSW Police in 2010, criminal proceedings were initiated in only 12 percentof cases. Of the 603 charges that reached court, around 61 percentresulted in a guilty finding. This means that less than 8 percent of recordedincidents involving children in a sexual offence were proven in court (seeFigures 6.4 and 6.5).Of the 4,119 sexual offence incidents with adult victims (16 years andover) reported to NSW Police in 2010, criminal proceedings were initiatedin 18 percent of cases. Of the 787 charges that reached court, around 50percent resulted in a guilty finding. This means that less than 10 percent ofrecorded incidents involving adults in a sexual offence were proven in court.WOMEN IN NSW 2012 | SAFETY AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE121
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Minister’s forewordIt gives me gr
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List of figures and tablesFiguresFi
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Executive summaryIntroductionThis r
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How doesNSW compare?Not surprisingl
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The NSWGovernment’scommitmentto w
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Data sourcesThe report seeks to bri
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Key findingsAs at June 2011, there
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Figure 1.1Spatial distributions of
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Fertility and birthsSince the baby
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Fewer NSW families today havechildr
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Health andwellbeingWomen and men ha
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Current levelsand trendsThis sectio
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1.3 Work-related injuries and disea
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1.4 Leading causes of deathCurrent
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Focus on chlamydia- an increasingly
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2.2 Intentional self-harmRates of h
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3.2 Women taking part in screening
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4.2 SmokingCurrent smoking - people
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4.4 Overweight and obesityRate of o
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4.6 BreastfeedingRate of breastfeed
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Table 2.4Aboriginal women’s healt
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Educationand learningWell-educated
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Table 3.1Science, technology, engin
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Figure 3.3Women participating in VE
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Topic 3: Apprenticeships and traine
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3.2 Women’s participation in trad
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Topic 4:Higher educationIn Australi
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4.2 Postgraduate studentsPostgradua
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4.3 Undergraduate field of educatio
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Undergraduate STEM enrolments, NSW,
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Figure 3.12Women and men working in
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6.2 Participation in adult and comm
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Work andfinancial securityAccess to
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Table 4.1Labour force participation
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Table 4.4Female unemployment by Syd
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Topic 2: Workforce securityAnother
Page 81 and 82: 3.1 Time spent in unpaid household
Page 83 and 84: 4.1 Occupational segregation contin
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.7Women’s industry represe
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.8Occupational subgroups wit
Page 89 and 90: 5.2 Average total hourly earningsAv
Page 91 and 92: Focus on payOn average, men earn mo
Page 93 and 94: Topic 6:Financial securityTopic 6 a
Page 95 and 96: Figure 4.10Spatial variation of sup
Page 97 and 98: 6.4 Commonwealth Rent Assistance an
Page 99 and 100: How doesNSW compare?The ABS publish
Page 101 and 102: Leadership andrepresentationThis ch
Page 103 and 104: Current levelsand trendsThis sectio
Page 105 and 106: 1.2 Elected representativesCurrent
Page 107 and 108: Figure 5.3Women candidates and elec
Page 109 and 110: Topic 3:Leadership in thecorporate
Page 111 and 112: Marital statusWhat more can we lear
Page 113 and 114: 4.1 Judges, barristers, partners an
Page 115 and 116: Topic 5:Leadership in artsand recre
Page 117 and 118: How doesNSW compare?The ABS publish
Page 119 and 120: Safety andaccess to justiceThe majo
Page 121 and 122: Current levelsand trendsThe followi
Page 123 and 124: 1.2 Sexual assaults against women c
Page 125 and 126: Topic 2: Safety inthe communityAs i
Page 127 and 128: Table 6.2Victims of personal violen
Page 129 and 130: 3.1 Satisfaction with safety of pub
Page 131: 3.2 Frequency of walking and cyclin
Page 135 and 136: Figure 6.5The progress of sexual of
Page 137 and 138: 4.3 Apprehended Domestic Violence O
Page 139 and 140: Apprehended Domestic Violence Order
Page 141 and 142: Women in NSW 2012 introducesa wealt
Page 143 and 144: Topic Key series Population Latest
Page 145 and 146: 363738Topic Key series Population L
Page 147 and 148: New South Wales Government (2008) M
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Women in NSW 2012 - The Workplace Gender Equality Agency

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