27. David A. Fulghum, “Groom Lake Tests Target Stealth,” Aviation Week and SpaceTechnology, 5 February 1996, 27.28. David A. Fulghum, “Pilots to Leave Cockpit in Future Air Force,” Aviation Week andSpace Technology, 5 February 1996, 26.29. US Air Force Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) report, New World Vistas: Air andSpace Power <strong>for</strong> the 21st Century, 31 January 1996, 36.30. Krebs, 26, 30. The author addresses endurance UAVs.31. Department of Defense, “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Master Plan” (Washington, D.C.:1994), 3-3.32. GAO study, 33.33. Gulf War Air Power Survey, vol. 2, Operations and Effects and Effectiveness (Washington,D.C.: Department of the Air Force, 1993), 20.34. Michael J. Armitage, Unmanned Aircraft (London: Brassey’s, 1988), 66.35. Fulghum, “Pilots to Leave Cockpit in Future Air Force,” 26.36. Fulghum, “Groom Lake Tests Target Stealth,” 27.37. Ibid., 26.38. “The RPV/Drones/Targets Market, 1975–1985” (Greenwich, Conn.: DMS, Inc.,1975), 1–12.39. Fulghum, “Pilots to Leave Cockpit in Future Air Force,” 26.40. Breek Henderson, “Boeing Condor Raises UAV Per<strong>for</strong>mance Levels,” Aviation Weekand Space Technology, 23 April 1990, 36.41. Womack and Steczkowski. The authors provide details on many studies per<strong>for</strong>medby the military and companies such as RCA, General Electric, United Aircraft Corporation,Grumman, Sperry Univac, and so on. An interesting study was done by Decision Sciences,Inc., to determine optimal control techniques. Subjects ranged from people with no pilotingexperience (but with automobile driving experience) to attack fighter pilots from MiramarNaval Air Station.42. Ibid. An excellent study on the operator aspect of RPVs.43. Gen Merrill A. McPeak, Selected Works 1990–1994 (Maxwell AFB, Ala.: Air UniversityPress, 1995), 351.44. Armitage, 122.45. Michael J. Neufeld, The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of theBallistic Missile Era (New York: Free Press, 1995), 274.46. McPeak, 351.47. Fulghum, “Pilots to Leave Cockpit in Future Air Force,” 27.48. Department of the Air Force, Gulf War Air Power Survey, vol. 3, Logistics and Support(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1993), 163.49. Ibid., 207.50. McPeak, 351.51. Tirpak, 38–43. Each of the 20 B-2s planned <strong>for</strong> the 33d Bomb Squadron will haveits own “purpose-built hangar with floor umbilicals that mate perfectly with the airplane.”52. “UAVs Could Replace Several Manned Aircraft, Owens Says,” on-line, Internet, AirForce News, 1 March 1996.53. “Pentagon No. 2: Too Few Weapons,” on-line, Internet, Air Force News, 29 February1996.54. Ibid.55. Tirpak, 38.56. Krebs, 17.57. Ibid., 43.58. Krebs, 10. As early as the 1970s it was estimated that 50 percent could be disposableload capacity.59. Peter Grier, “GPS in Peace and War,” Air Force Magazine, April 1996, 79.60. SAB, 35.61. Tirpak, 42. The aircraft landed safely, and the incident has not been repeated.61
62. McGonigle, 34.63. Ibid., 33.64. Tirpak, 41.65. Lt Col Daniel T. Morris, “Unmanned Aerial <strong>Vehicles</strong>: Options <strong>for</strong> the OperationalCommander,” research report (Newport, R.I.: Naval War College, 1992), 19.66. This was the crash that killed Secretary of Commerce Ronald H. Brown and 35 others.The airplane, flying through heavy rain and on instrument approach to Dubrovnikairport, crashed into a 2,300-foot hill.67. Krebs, 7.68. Good evidence of this can be found with a visit to the “boneyard” at Davis–MonthanAFB, Ariz. There, one can easily witness aviators who shed tears upon finding aircraft withtail numbers from the past. Personnel who work there say much emotion is also displayedby those that fly these aircraft to their final resting place.69. Material within quotation marks is a definition of expendable from Webster’s NinthNew Collegiate Dictionary (Springfield, Mass.: Merriam–Webster, Inc., 1990), 437.62
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