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Regional Dimensions of Food Security in Maharashtra 475The reasons for declining foodavailability over time and the large variationsacross regions can be explained by examiningproductivity that in turn depends on variousexogenous and endogenous factors. To beginwith, trends in per capita foodgrainproduction across regions have beenestimated by taking into account the entirepopulation that includes all age groups (Figure2). 1 In the State, per capita foodgrainproduction is declining gradually from 1960to 2006 at varying rate over different phases.The declining per capita foodgrain productioncould be attributed to varying rate of growthin population over years. The rate of declinein the first phase till 1973-74 is relatively high,while it becomes visibly steep after 1973-74in subsequent phases, which could partly bedue to the adoption of new technology andpartly due to successful implementation ofwatershed programmes in Maharashtra whichhave had a significant impact on foodgrainproduction, as it was found that thecomparisons between beneficiaries and nonbeneficiarieshouseholds in watershed regionsin Maharashtra have shown significantlyhigher level of foodgrain production amongformer households as compared to that oflatter (see Deshpande and Rajshekharan,1997). In the State, per capita foodgrainproduction has shown a large year to yearfluctuation across regions excepting theCoastal region, corresponding to the largevariations in rainfall, as large geographicalareas in the State fall under drought-proneconditions (Dev and Mungekar, 1996), andtherefore, are susceptible to vagaries ofmonsoon confronting phases of growth andstagnation affirmatively (Sawant et al, 1999).The visitation of droughts and famine overlarge parts of the State every three to fouryears indeed worsens the process (DHMJDrought Forum, 2008). Over the years, percapita foodgrain production has declined, i.e.,during 1973, 1987, 1992 and 2002, becauseof droughts during these years 9 . The Coastalregion of the State has had the lowest percapita foodgrain production over the periodas compared to other regions, whereasfoodgrain production has experiencedrelatively better trends in the Eastern region.The lowest per capita foodgrain productionin the Coastal region, despite the region’shigher productivity as compared to otherregions (Table 3), could be attributed to lowershare of land under cultivation. Share of bothNet Sown Area (NSA) and Gross CroppedArea (GCA) are lowest in the Coastal region,accounting for about 28 and 30 per cent inTE 2005-06, respectively (Table 4). On theother hand, the Eastern region, apredominantly rice producing area, has shownthe highest per capita foodgrain production,because of the high rainfall here, even thoughsoil fertility of the region is either mediumor low (Sawant et al, 1999, p-14) and lowpopulation growth in the region (see Table2). The higher output variability in foodgrainproduction in Nagpur division is explainabledue to high rainfall variability and/or lowirrigation facility (Mitra 1990, p-A 153).However, Nagpur division has two NSSOregions viz., Inland Eastern and Easternregions, and of the two, the latter region haslower output variability as compared to theformer region because the Eastern regioncomes under medium and high rainfall, lowervariation and medium soil fertility. The otherthree regions, namely, Inland Eastern, InlandWestern and Inland Northern regions areclose to each other in terms of per capitafoodgrain production, though, the soil fertilityand level of rainfall differ across theseregions. Deshpande (1988) examined therelation between growth and instability inMaharashtra and found varying relationshippre-new technology (1951-52 to 1971-72)and post-technology (1973-74 to 1981-82)period, drought prone (DP) and non-droughtprone (NDP) districts; and different group ofcrops. The major finding shows that thenegative and strong relation between growthJournal of Rural Development, Vol. 31, No. 4, October - December : 2012
476 Nitin Tagadeand instability in pre-new technology periodchanged to significantly positive largely dueto high growth and high instability in pulsesbecause of higher pursuit of thecommercialisation of agriculture in terms ofchanging cropping pattern in the State.However, this relation does not hold at thedistrict level. Large number of DP districts hasemerged with preferable combination ofhigh growth and low instability as against thenot preferable combination of low growthand low instability in NDP districts.Figure 2 : Per Capita Foodgrain Production During 1961-2006Sources : Author’s estimation based on Directorate of Economics and Statistics, GoM (Variousyears) and EPWRF (2004) and Maharashtra General Economic Tables, Census of India, GoI(Various years) and UNFPA (2009).Table 3 : Yield of Total Foodgrains Production(In kg/hectare)Regions TE 1965-66 TE 1975-76 TE 1985-86 TE 1995-96 TE 2005-06Coastal 1092.11 1377.19 1599.11 1956.01 2211.48Inland Western 576.95 762.65 889.80 1041.37 710.40Inland Northern 480.34 598.82 634.58 969.18 1070.37Inland Central 427.25 443.94 552.04 818.14 774.21Inland Eastern 472.13 619.75 861.51 970.06 840.02Eastern 596.83 765.39 836.40 1056.02 1061.67Maharashtra 474.14 582.19 688.73 896.54 887.40Sources : Author’s estimation based on EPWRF, 2004; and Directorate of Economics andStatistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GoM.Journal of Rural Development, Vol. 31, No. 4, October - December : 2012
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392 Anita Singh and T. Babu18. Wool
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394 Fahimuddinshared on 50-50 per c
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396 FahimuddinTable 2 presents deta
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398 Fahimuddindistricts. A notable
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400 FahimuddinTechnical Diploma - -
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406 Fahimuddinsharing of inputs cos
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408 FahimuddinReasons for Leasing-i
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416 Fahimuddinan overwhelming major
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418 FahimuddinNotes and References1
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420 D Rajasekhar and R ManjulaCommu
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422 D Rajasekhar and R ManjulaThe t
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Page 65 and 66: 434 D Rajasekhar and R Manjula5. Co
Page 67 and 68: 436 M. Mahadeva and K. Keshavamurth
Page 89 and 90: 458 Pradeep Kumar Mehtarequirements
Page 91 and 92: 460 Pradeep Kumar Mehtadisaster lev
Page 93 and 94: 462 Pradeep Kumar Mehtairrigation,
Page 95 and 96: 464 Pradeep Kumar MehtaThe correlat
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Page 99 and 100: 468 Pradeep Kumar Mehta4 As during
Page 101 and 102: 470 Nitin Tagadeperformance of all
Page 103 and 104: 472 Nitin TagadeThe second element
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Page 109 and 110: 478 Nitin Tagadefoodgrain productio
Page 111 and 112: 480 Nitin TagadeTable 6 : Poverty R
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Page 117 and 118: 486 Nitin Tagadesecurity is declini
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Page 121 and 122: 490 Nitin TagadeNotes1 Maharashtra
Page 123 and 124: 492 Nitin TagadeReferences1. Bruntl
Page 125 and 126: 494 Nitin Tagade35. Radhakrishna, R
Page 127 and 128: 496 Edakkandi Meethal RejiSHG movem
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Page 137 and 138: 506 Edakkandi Meethal Rejiemphasis
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Page 141 and 142: 510 Edakkandi Meethal Reji9. Govern
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Food Security and Nutrition in Kera
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Journal Book Reviews of Rural Devel
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Book Reviews 537in the south. It wa
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Book Reviews 539expenditure) by usi
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Book Reviews 541encompass the role
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Book Reviews 543education. The thir
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Book Reviews 545and political empow
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Book Reviews 547getting the reasona
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Preparation of the ArticleTitle Pag
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Dr. R.R.PrasadProf. & Head (CESD)NI
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October - December 2012 - National Institute of Rural Development

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