October - December 2012 - National Institute of Rural Development

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Social Mobilisation, Savings Habit and Access to Credit for the Poor ... 509in the districts is lower than the nationalaverage of ` 44000 per group under normalSHGs and ` 48000 for SGSY groups (Srinivasan,2008).The foregoing discussion reveals thatthe SHGs were instrumental for mobilising alarge number of poor into groups anddeveloping savings habit and gaining accessto credit from financial institutions includingcommercial banks and cooperatives. A largenumber of members (nearly 30-40 per cent)were yet to receive any loan except the smallloans from their group savings. SHGs' abilityto provide credit access to its members isconstrained by its ability to mobiliseresources. Even though the groups areinstrumental in bringing credit access tomembers, the quantum of credit is very lowcompared to the requirements of the poor.The cumulative per capita availability of creditis very low at the level of ` 500-1500 whichis insufficient to bring any significant changein their family. Majority of the groups wereconstrained by the lack of availability offinancial resources required for on-lendingamong the members. Bank linkage is ofcrucial importance to mobilise financialresources. At present the bank linkage inmajority of SHGs is limited only to theopening of the bank account in the name ofthe group and depositing the member’ssavings with the bank. Over the years, onlyone-third of the groups were linked to banks.The bank linkage needs to be graduated to ahigher level, where the banks provide creditto these groups in multiples of the group’ssavings with the bank. One of the limitationsin the bank linkage is the weak internalsystem of the groups. Even though a fairshare of SHGs in the districts had overcomethe initial difficulties and survived over theyears attaining some level of stability, theseSHGs need further support for strengtheningtheir internal system.References1. AMAS(2007), Self-Help Groups in India - A Study of the Lights and Shades, Hyderabad,Andhra Pradesh Mahila Abhivridhi Society.2. Basu, P(2006), Improving Access to India’s Poor, Washington D C, The World Bank.3. Bhatia, N. (2007), Revisiting Bank Linked Self-Help Groups – A Study of Rajasthan State,Reserve Bank of India Occasional Paper, Mumbai, Reserve Bank of India.4. CENDERET (2004), Women Empowerment Through Self-help : A Case Study of CENDERETIntervention, CENDERET, Xavier Institute on Management, Bhubaneswar, (Unpublisheddocument).5. Chen, R. and Carr, M. M. (1992), Speaking Out : Women’s Economic Empowerment, London,Intermediate Technology Publications.6. Choudhary, A M R., Mahmood, M and Abed, F H. (2003), ‘Credit for the Rural Poor : The Caseof BRAC in Bangladesh’, In Malcolm Harper (ed), Microfinance : Evolution, Achievementsand Challenges, UK, ITDG Publishing, pp 121-131.7. Ghate, P.(2006), Microfinance in India : State of the Sector Report-2005, New Delhi, SagePublication.8. Government of Odisha, (2004), Human Development Report, Government of Odisha, Planningand Co-ordination Department.Journal of Rural Development, Vol. 31, No. 4, October - December : 2012
510 Edakkandi Meethal Reji9. Government of Odisha (2008), Economic Survey, Government of Odisha : Planning and CoordinationDepartment.10. Harper, M.(1998), Profit for the Poor, Cases in Microfinance, London, ITDG Publishing.11. Harper, M. (2002a), Promotion of Self Help Groups under the SHG Bank Linkage Programmein India, Mumbai, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.12. Harper, M.(2002b), Self-help Groups and Grameen Bank Groups : What are the Differences?In Thomas Fisher and M S Sriram (eds), Beyond Microcredit : Putting Development Backinto Microfinance, New Delhi, Vistar Publications): pp. 169-198.13. Harper, M.(2007), What’s Wrong with Groups? In Thomas Ditcher and Malcolm Harper (eds),What’s Wrong with Microfinance, Rugby, Practical Action Publishing, pp.83-94.14. Hashemi, S. M. (1996), Rural Credit Programmes and Women’s Empowerment in Bangladesh,World Development, 24(4), 635-653.16. Hossain, M. (1988), Credit for Alleviation of Rural Poverty, The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh,Research Report 55, Washington DC, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).17. Jackelen, H R and Elizabeth, R.(2003), Towards a More Market Oriented Approach to Creditand Savings for the Poor’, In (ed), Microfinance : Evolution, Achievements and Challenges,UK : ITDG Publishing, pp.52-71.18. Khandkar, S. R and Pitt, M. M.(1996), Household and Intra-household Impact of the GrameenBank and Similar Targeted Credit Programmes in Bangladesh, World Bank Discussion Paper,No.320. Washington, D C, The World Bank.19. Martin, I., Sulaiman, M and Saleque, M. A.( 2007), Imagining Microfinance more Boldly :Unleashing the True Potential of Microfinance, In Thomas Ditcher and Malcolm Harper(eds), What’s Wrong with Microfinance? Rugby, Practical Action Publishing, pp. 23-34.20. Narender, K and Vasimalai, M. P. (2007), Microfinance for Poverty Reduction : The KalanjiamWay, Economic and Political Weekly, XLII (13),1190-1195.21. Nath, M.(1999), Thrift and Credit Co-operatives in Andhra Pradesh and North Karnataka,Hyderabad, Oxfarm India Trust.22. NCAER (2008), Final Report on Impact and Sustainability of the Self-Help Group (SHG) –Bank Linkage, New Delhi, National Council for Applied Economic Research.23. NIRD (2004), National Study on Social Mobilisation, Employment and Empowerment ofWomen through SHGs, Hyderabad, National Institute of Rural Development.24. Reji, E. M.(2009), Socio-economic Impact of Microfinance : A Study of Neighbourhood Groups(NHGs) in Nilambur Block of Malappuram District, Kerala, Indian Journal of AgriculturalEconomics, 64(2) : 246-257.25. Sinha, F. (2007), SHGs in India : Numbers Yes, Poverty Outreach and Empowerment, Partially,In Thomas Ditcher and Malcolm Harper (eds), What’s Wrong with Microfinance, (Rugby,Practical Action Publishing, pp. 73-82.Journal of Rural Development, Vol. 31, No. 4, October - December : 2012
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Page 121 and 122: 490 Nitin TagadeNotes1 Maharashtra
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Page 181: Dr. R.R.PrasadProf. & Head (CESD)NI
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October - December 2012 - National Institute of Rural Development

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