Apoptosis and Degenerative Diseases - Bgbunict.it

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Caspases coordinate demolition of key cellular structures and organellesEffector caspases (such as caspase-3, -6 and -7 inmammals) orchestrate the dismantling of diverse cellstructures through cleavage of specific substrates.Collectively, these proteolytic events produce thephenotypic changes to the cell that are characteristic ofapoptosis.•Cleavage of ICAD releases CAD, which can thencatalyse inter-nucleosomal DNA cleavage.•Proteolysis of proteins at focal adhesion sites andcell–cell adhesion sites allows cell detachment andretraction.•Caspases also cleave the Golgi-stacking proteinGRASP65 and other Golgi proteins, causingfragmentation of the Golgi apparatus.•Important cellular functions such as translation aredisrupted through caspase-mediated proteolysis ofmultiple translation initiation factors (eIFs).•Caspase activity is required for the exposure ofphosphatidylserine (PS) and other phagocytic signalson the cell surface.
Two main pathways of caspase-mediated cell death have beendescribed in mammalsThe “intrinsic”pathway, involvesmitochondria, andis triggered andcontrolled bymembers of theBcl- 2proteinfamily.The “extrinsic”pathway ismediated by deathreceptors, asubgroup of thetumor necrosisfactor (TNF)receptorsuperfamily.
Page 1 and 2: Apoptosisand Degenerative diseasesC
Page 3 and 4: Cell death modalities
Page 5 and 6: ApoptosisApoptosis is characterized
Page 7 and 8: The cell begins to shrink following
Page 9: Removal of dead cellsDying cells th
Page 12 and 13: Caspases(cysteine aspartic acidspec
Page 16: Apoptotic PathwaysMitochondrial:act
Page 19: Apoptotic PathwaysDeath receptor (e
Page 22 and 23: Following TRADD binding, three path
Page 24 and 25: The activation of NF-κBThe recepto
Page 26 and 27: The ER stress responseApoptosis, as
Page 28 and 29: There is an intensive cross talk be
Page 30: Members of the ‘BH3- only’ subg
Page 34 and 35: The number of people with neurodege
Page 36 and 37: A - In Alzheimer’s disease, neuro
Page 38 and 39: Many signals can initiate or ‘tri
Page 40 and 41: Roles for altered synaptic signalli
Page 42 and 43: Oxidative stress refers to a state
Page 44 and 45: Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s
Page 46 and 47: Degenerating neurons show aggregate
Page 48 and 49: Cleavage of APP within the Aβ sequ
Page 50 and 51: NFTs consist of paired helical fila
Page 52 and 53: A series of studies showed that APP
Page 54 and 55: The implication of APP cleavage at
Page 56 and 57: More recently, transgenic mice stud
Page 58: Despite the high protein levels oft
Page 61: Can targeted inhibition of this cla
Page 64 and 65:
Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson's di
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Although subject to intensive resea
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Defective clearance of modified,tox
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Fas-associated factor 1Caspase acti
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-FAF1 levels were significantly inc
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Huntington’s DiseaseHD is an auto
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How does mutant huntingtin promote
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Wild-type htt is predominantly cyto
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NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES ANDTHE M
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MAPK activation occurs through a ca
Page 85 and 86:
MAPKs and Huntington DiseaseMany st
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Current therapies are focused on co
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Apoptosis and Degenerative Diseases - Bgbunict.it

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