Feed Peas in diets for shrimp tilapia and milkfish - Northern Pulse ...

Smith et al. (1999) reported that digestibility coefficients of feed peas in tiger shrimp were 80% for ADMDand 91% for APD. The ADMD value and APD value is almost the same as those obtained in this presentstudy (73% and 89-92%).In this study, no adverse effect on shrimp was noted on the use of whole unprocessed feed pea. Perhaps,processing of feed pea may even improve its present nutritional value. Cruz-Suarez et al., 2001 however,did not obtain any particular benefit with the use of processed feed pea (dehulling). In her study, raw feedpeas and peas processed by dehulling have similar nutritional value in shrimp diets. Results, however, maybe dependent on the type or variety of feed pea used. Studies with other species such as trout (Kaushik etal., 1993) and European sea bass (Giuveia and Davies, 2000) have emphasized the requirement fordehulling and extrusion cooking. Eusebio (1991) also found that processing of cowpea and rice bean hadno significant effect on growth and survival of P. monodon, although apparent protein digestibility of ricebean was improved. Shrimp are more tolerant than other species of certain anti-nutritional factors in theseed coat components (Cruz-Suarez et al., 2001).This study has demonstrated the acceptable nutritional value of whole feed pea as an ingredient in shrimpdiets, since this product can replace most commonly used shrimp feed ingredients, such as soybean meal.Inclusion of feed peas in shrimp diets may therefore be a function of diet formulation. An inclusion level upto 42% in the juvenile shrimp, P. monodon, practical diet does not give any adverse effect on growth,survival, and body composition of the animal.Table 1Proximate composition (% dry weight) of feed ingredients included in test diets*IngredientsMoistureCrudeProtein(N x 6.25)Crude fatCrudefiberNFE cFeed pea a 11.58 25.24 1.32 3.68 65.96 3.80Soybean meal b 10.78 42.67 1.37 4.03 44.87 7.06Seaweed 9.1 12.13 0.44 5.58 30.42 51.43Wheat flour 14.19 17.21 1.26 0.03 80.76 0.74Squid meal 15.34 78.84 5.19 0.55 5.38 10.04Shrimp meal 13.66 70.25 2.76 2.08 5.35 19.56Peruvian fish meal 9.3 74.64 7.32 1.02 0.76 16.26Shrimp head meal 10.08 47.44 3.00 12.04 9.74 27.78Rice bran 10.12 14.22 18.40 7.20 50.17 10.01*Means of 2 replicate samplesa Whole feed peab Defatted soybean mealcNFE-Nitrogen Free ExtractAshTable 2Percentage composition of experimental diets on a dry matter basis (g/100g dry diet)Diet No.Ingredients 1 2 3 4 5 6 7% Soybean replacement 0 20 40 60 80 100Neg.control% Total protein replacement 0 5 10 15 20 25 -Feed pea - 8.45 16.90 25.36 33.82 42.30 -Soybean meal 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 - -Wheat flour 17.00 13.00 9.00 7.00 5.00 5.00 17.00Rice bran 8.95 9.5 10.05 8.59 7.13 3.65 22.95Dextrin - - - - - - 49.00Common ingredients 49.05 49.05 49.05 49.05 49.05 49.05 11.05*Peruvian fish meal, 23; Ascetes, 3; squid meal, 2; shrimp head meal, 10; seaweed, 2.5; cod liver oil, 2;soybean oil, 1; soybean lecithin, 1; vitamin mix, 1.99; vitamin C, 0.01; mineral mix,1; dicalciumphosphate,1;carboxymethylcellulose, 0.5; ethoxyquin,0.05.**Vitamin mix. _-carotene ,3.0M.I.U.kg -1 ;cholecalceferol, 0.6M.I.U.kg -1 ; thiamine, 3.60g kg -1 ; riboflavin, 7.20gkg -1 ; pyridoxine, 6.60g kg -1 ; cyanocobalamine, 0.02gm kg -1 ; _-tocopherol, 16.50 gm kg -1 ; menadione, 2.40gm kg -1 ; niacin, 14.40gm kg -1 ; pantothenic acid, 4.00 gm kg -1 ; biotin, 0.02 gm kg -1 ; folic acid, 1.20gm kg -1 ;inositol, 30.00gm kg -1 ; stay C, 100.00gm kg -1 ; Mineral mix: P, 12.0%; Ca, 12.0%; Mg, 1.5%; Fe, 0.15%; Zn0.42%; Cu, 0.21%; K, 7.50%; Co, 0.011%; Mn, 0.160%; Se, 0.001%; Mo, 0.0005%; Al ,0.0025%; I, 0.04%.6