Clinical Trials

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❘❙❚■ Chapter 28 | Repeated Measurements6. Matthews JN, Altman DG, Campbell MJ, et al. Analysis of serial measurements in medicalresearch. BMJ 1990:300:230–5.7. Khan NE, De Souza A, Mister R, et al. A randomized comparison of off-pump and on-pumpmultivessel coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2004;350:21–8.8. Viard JP, Mocroft A, Chiesi A, et al. Influence of age on CD4 cell recovery in humanimmunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy:evidence from the EuroSIDA study. J Infect Dis 2001:183:1290–4.9. Cozzi Lepri A, Smith GD, Mocroft A, et al. A practical approach to adjusting for attritionbias in HIV clinical trials with serial marker responses. AIDS 1998:12:1155–61.328
■■❚❙❘Chapter 29MultiplicityDorothea Nitsch, Duolao Wang,Tim Clayton, and Ameet BakhaiIn a clinical trial, information is often collected with multipleendpoints and baseline variables. In addition, outcomes areoften measured at several different time points. It is temptingto analyze this information by performing many statistical testssuch as comparisons of multiple endpoints, or undertakingmany separate subgroup analyses or comparisons of outcomemeasures at several time points during the course of the study.Consequently, the problem of ‘multiple testing’ or multiplicitycan occur where many statistical tests are performed, increasingthe probability of false-positive results (ie, the probability thatat least one result is significant at P < 0.05 by chance). In thischapter, we discuss the issue of multiplicity in the context ofclinical research, and highlight some strategies for dealingwith it.329
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❘❙❚■ ContributorsStephen L
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Clinical Trials: A Practical Guide
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 1RandomizedC
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❘❙❚■ Chapter 2 | Uncontroll
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 3Protocol De
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 4EndpointsAm
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 6Source and
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■■❚❙❘Part IIAlternativeTr
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❘❙❚■ Chapter 10 | Crossover
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❘❙❚■ Chapter 11 | Factorial
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❘❙❚■ Chapter 15 | Cluster R
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❘❙❚■ Chapter 16 | Multicent
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■■❚❙❘Part IIIBasics ofSta
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 17Types of D
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 18Significan
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 19Comparison
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 20Comparison
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 21Analysis o
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■■❚❙❘Part IVSpecial Trial
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 22Intention-
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 23Subgroup A
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 24Regression
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 34Presenting
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 35Use of Tab
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 36Use of Fig
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 37Critical A
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■■❚❙❘Chapter 38Meta-Analy
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■■❚❙❘GlossaryGlossary453
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■■❚❙❘AbbreviationsAbbrevi
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■■❚❙❘IndexIndex467
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Clinical Trials

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