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Clinical Trials

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❘❙❚■ Chapter 6 | Source and Control of Bias5. Schulz KF, Chalmers TC, Hayes RJ, et al. Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions ofmethodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials.JAMA 1995;273:408–12.6. Leber PD. Hazards of inference: the active control investigation. Epilepsia 1989;30(Suppl. 1):S57–63.Discussion: S64–8.7. Even CE, Siobud-Dorocant E, Dardennes RM. Critical approach to antidepressant trials.Blindness protection is necessary, feasible and measurable. Br J Psychiatry 2000;177:47–51.8. Hollis S, Campbell F. What is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of publishedrandomised controlled trials. BMJ 1999;319:670–4.9. Little R, Yau L. Intent-to-treat analysis for longitudinal studies with drop-outs.Biometrics 1996;52:1324–33.10. Last J. Negative studies. About this “amnesty”. NCEHR Communiqué 1998;8(2):1–3.Available from: URL: http://ncehr-cnerh.org/English/communique 2/Negative.html.Accessed on 21 March 2005.11. Stern JM, Simes RJ. Publication bias: Evidence of delayed publication in a cohort studyof clinical research projects. BMJ 1997;315:640–5.12. Owen R. Reader bias. JAMA 1982;247:2533–4.64

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