Obesity Epidemiology

IndexNote: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations and tables.Abdominal obesity, 152, 159Abdominal visceral fat (AVF), 70Actigraphy, 335, 337Adenocarcinoma, 201Adipocyte-derived cytokines, 40Adiponectin (APM1), 33, 152, 377, 389Adiposity, 33, 42adipose tissue as endocrine organ, 151-153and body composition, measurements of, 53and breast cancer prognosis, 203in epidemiologic studies, 76indexes using weight and height, 65-67triad, 190, 231Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 337Adventist Health Study, 224, 281Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS),130-131, 183, 184, 228,308, 315African Americans, 17, 159, 344body fat, 69diet history, 88obesity and mortality, 224RMR, 380, 381sleep weight relationship, 333Age/agingand body-fat distribution, 68and sex differences and BMI, 67Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), 54, 55Alameda Community Health Study, 221Alaska Native, 18, 344Alcohol and obesity, 285-286American Cancer SocietyCancer Prevention Study II, 265obesity and sleep, 326American Indians, 18, 344Android (or “apple shape”), 70Angiotensinogen (AGT), 156Anthropometry, 56, 62variables and disease risk, statisticalmodels of, 74-76Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), 162Area-based socioeconomic measures (ABSMs),348, 352Arizona Pima Indians. See Pima IndiansAsian Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration,21, 175, 176, 177, 181, 186, 187Asians, 18, 159BMI and mortality, 225body fat, 69Indians, 387Asian Americans, 344Asthma and child obesity, 425Atherosclerosis, 153Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC),30, 34, 163, 220, 348, 351, 382, 385, 390Atkins diet, 278Atrial fibrillation (AF), 174, 190Australia, 21, 175, 251, 252, 253, 362costs of obesity, 262neighborhood safety and physical activity, 350, 356obesity and urban sprawl, 355B 6vitamin, 93B 12vitamin, 93Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire,133, 135, 137Bahrain, 21Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and weightgain, 378, 381Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), 441Barrett’s esophagus, 201Bayesian inference-based method, 479Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 362Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey(BRFSS), 15, 16, 17, 28, 302, 303, 304, 355Bergman’s minimal model, 387BFM index (BFMI), 61Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), 53, 56, 60Biomarkers, 88-95, 111and body composition measurements, 33487