Obesity Epidemiology

170 EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY96. Van Pelt RE, Evans EM, Schechtman KB, Ehsani AA, Kohrt WM. Contributions oftotal and regional fat mass to risk for cardiovascular disease in older women. Am JPhysiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;282:E1038-E1038.97. Colin Bell A, Adair LS, Popkin BM. Ethnic differences in the association betweenbody mass index and hypertension. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155:346-353.98. Pan WH, Flegal KM, Chang HY, Yeh WT, Yeh CJ, Lee WC. Body mass indexand obesity-related metabolic disorders in Taiwanese and US whites and blacks:implications for definitions of overweight and obesity for Asians. Am J Clin Nutr.2004;79:31-39.99. Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M. Chapter 3. Ethnic and geographic influences onbody composition. In: Bray G, Bouchard C, James P, eds. Handbook of Obesity. NewYork: Dekker, 1998:81-92.100. Shai I, Jiang R, Manson JE, et al. Ethnicity, obesity, and risk of type 2 diabetes inwomen: a 20-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1585-1590.101. Dickinson S, Colagiuri S, Faramus E, Petocz P, Brand-Miller JC. Postprandial hyperglycemiaand insulin sensitivity differ among lean young adults of different ethnicities.J Nutr. 2002;132:2574-2579.102. Torrens JI, Skurnick J, Davidow AL, et al. Ethnic differences in insulin sensitivityand beta-cell function in premenopausal or early perimenopausal women withoutdiabetes: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Diabetes Care.2004;27:354-361.103. Chiu KC, Chuang LM, Yoon C. Comparison of measured and estimated indices ofinsulin sensitivity and beta cell function: impact of ethnicity on insulin sensitivityand beta cell function in glucose-tolerant and normotensive subjects. J Clin EndocrinolMetab. 2001;86:1620-1625.104. Haffner SM, D’Agostino R, Saad MF, et al. Increased insulin resistance and insulinsecretion in nondiabetic African-Americans and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites. The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes. 1996;45:742-748.105. Blair SN, Brodney S. Effects of physical inactivity and obesity on morbidity andmortality: current evidence and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31(11 Suppl):S646-S662.106. Weinstein AR, Sesso HD, Lee IM, et al. Relationship of physical activity vs bodymass index with type 2 diabetes in women. JAMA. 2004;292:1188-1194.107. Rana JS, Li TY, Manson JE, Hu FB. Adiposity compared with physical inactivityand risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:53-58.108. Diehl AK. Epidemiology and natural history of gallstone disease. Gastroenterol ClinNorth Am. 1991;20:1-19.109. Ruhl CE, Everhart JE. Association of diabetes, serum insulin, and C-peptide withgallbladder disease. Hepatology. 2000;31:299-303.110. Dubrac S, Parquet M, Blouquit Y, et al. Insulin injections enhance cholesterolgallstone incidence by changing the biliary cholesterol saturation index and apo A-Iconcentration in hamsters fed a lithogenic diet. J Hepatol. 2001;35:550-557.111. Nervi F, Miquel JF, Alvarez M, et al. Gallbladder disease is associated with insulinresistance in a high risk Hispanic population. J Hepatol. 2006;Feb 17:Epub ahead ofprint.112. Mendez-Sanchez N, Chavez-Tapia NC, Motola-Kuba D, et al. Metabolic syndrome asa risk factor for gallstone disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11:1653-1657.113. Grundy SM. Cholesterol gallstones: a fellow traveler with metabolic syndrome? Am JClin Nutr. 2004;80:1-2.114. Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Prospective study of abdominaladiposity and gallstone disease in US men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:38-44.115. Yang H, Petersen GM, Roth MP, Schoenfield LJ, Marks JW. Risk factors for gallstoneformation during rapid loss of weight. Dig Dis Sci. 1992;37:912-918.