Obesity Epidemiology

150 EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITYInsulin resistanceOveralladiposityCentralobesityExcess body fatInflammationEndothelial dysfunctionHypertensionLow HDLHypertriglyceridemiaHyperglycemiaHypercoagulabilityClustering ofMetabolic conditionsGallstone diseaseGoutPCOSSleep apneaCKDFatty liverAtherosclerosisFellow travelers orcomplications ofmetabolic syndromeFigure 8.1 Pathways through which overall adiposity and central obesity influence metabolicdisorders and related conditions. PCOS denotes polycystic ovary syndrome and CKD denoteschronic kidney disease.Panel III [ATP III]) 5 defined the metabolic syndrome as three or more of the following(Table 8.1): abdominal obesity (waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm inwomen); hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL or 1.69 mmol/L); low HDL cholesterol(