January - March 2013 - National Institute of Rural Development

Drinking Water and Sanitation in Uttar Pradesh: A Regional Analysis 67Table 5 : Per cent Distribution of Urban, Rural and TotalHouseholds by Types of Latrine for Uttar Pradesh and IndiaType of Latrine Urban Rural TotalUttar Pradesh2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001Water Closet 77.2 32 15.9 1.9 29.8 8Pit Latrine 2.9 18.1 4.5 8.3 4.2 10.3Other Latrine 3 30 1.3 8.9 1.7 15.2No Latrine 16.9 20 78.2 80.8 64.4 68.6IndiaWater Closet 72.6 46.1 19.4 7.1 36.4 18Pit Latrine 7.1 14.6 10.5 10.3 9.4 11.5Other Latrine 1.7 13 0.8 1.5 1.1 6.9No Latrine 18.6 26.3 69.3 78.1 53.1 63.6Source : Computed from the data provided by Census 2011.because of poor planning andimplementation.* Politically, sanitation and drinking waterare not a great priority.* The benefits of sanitation and watersupply are social and shared in nature,while the costs are private andgovernmental.* Poor cost recovery is also one of the mainreasons for poor condition of WSS sector.The tariff rates being charged from theconsumers are very low. The water andsewer tax is set at 12.5 per cent of theannual rental value of the property forunmetered consumers, which isassumed to depend on the size and othercharacteristics of property. Noconsiderations of coverage of capital orO & M expenditures or cost are takeninto account.Region-wise Access to Drinking Water andSanitationUttar Pradesh occupies the centralposition in the northern India. It is one of thelargest and most backward states in India witha diverse composition. Uttar Pradesh hassuffered from different types of inequality, i.e.regional disparity is one among them. Thereare four regions 5 in the State, viz., (1) Easternregion, (2) Western region, (3) Central region,and (4) Bundelkhand region (Diwakar, 2009).Economically, the Western region is themost developed with higher levels ofurbanisation, i.e., better infrastructure, higheragricultural productivity, higher per capitaincome levels, i.e., ` 18,959 in 2006-07 atJournal of Rural Development, Vol. 32, No. 1, January - March : 2013JRD 2 (1)