January - March 2013 - National Institute of Rural Development

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Economic Impact Of Water Management : A Case Study 81Table 8 : Valuable Assets of the HouseholdsAsset Gr-I Gr-IIHouse with concrete roof 40 05Fixed Deposit in Banks 12 01Cycle 75 10Motor cycle 18 01Power tiller 07 00Pumpset 11 00Husking machine 08 00T.V. 72 50Phone 75 8Refrigerator 08 01Source : Field Survey.Table 8 depicts that greater percentageof households in Group - I own differentvaluable assets as compared to households inGroup - II. The higher income and assets of thefarmers in Gr-I is basically due to increasedproductivity of crops and livestock and moreemployment generation. Those farmers havebeen encouraged to maintain and to undertakenew water conservation measures due tobenefits accrued from chowkas.Table 9 : Role of Panchayats1. Distribution of Seeds ` 3,500/household/year2. Direct Purchase of Agricultural Output ` 5,000/household/year3. Organising General Meetings One per month4. Organising General Training Camps One per six months5. Special Meeting with Agricultural One per six monthsDevelopment Officer (ADO) and Water Engineers6. Direct Supervision & Encouragement for 280 numbersBuilding Chowkas ( During last 3 years)7. Total Construction of Model Chowkas 18 numbers(During last 3 years)8. Total Allocation of Funds for Construction ` 31,520of Chowkas (During last 3 years)Source : Field Survey.Journal of Rural Development, Vol. 32, No. 1, January - March : 2013JRD 2 (1)
82 Arijit RoyThe role of Panchayats in agriculture andallied activities is evident from Table 9. In ourstudy villages, the Panchayats have distributedseeds worth ` 3,500 per household per year.They have made arrangements to purchaseagricultural output worth ` 5,000 perhousehold per year. They have organisedgeneral meetings once in every month andspecial training once in every six months. Theyhave arranged meeting with the ADO andwater engineers once in every six months.During the last three years, they haveundertaken direct supervision for building 280chowkas and have completely constructed 18model chowkas. During the last three years,the Panchayats have allocated a total of `31,520 for construction of chowkas.The Role of Chowkas in Irrigation : Ourstudy villages lie in the medium rainfallgangetic plain of West Bengal. The averagerainfall in the rainy season is 120-150 c.m. and20-30 c.m. in the rest of the year. The rainwateracts as the predominant source ofirrigation. There are two canals flowing throughthe villages. Canal water is available forirrigation in rainy season (kharif season) andwinter (rabi season). However, the canals areheavily silted so that water available in winteris much less compared to demand for it and inpre-kharif season, the canals becomecompletely dry so that they no longer remaina source of irrigation. On the other hand, fittingshallow pump is prohibited in both the villages.Under these circumstances, an alternativesource of irrigation becomes relevantespecially in the dry season. And, herein liesthe significance of chowkas.The model chowkas have thespecification of 10ft x 10ft x 6ft. However, thechowkas vary in size and depth. For land sizeof 1 bigha or more, a series of two or moreadjoining chowkas is suggested. Thesechowkas are built at the lower end of the slopeof the lands. The chowkas collect the surfacerunoff as well as the rain-water. Again, duringuncommon heavy rainfall, they act as bufferscollecting the excess rain-water. For greaterefficiency in storage, the inner walls and thebottom are suggested to be made of concrete.This will result in smaller loss of water.However, structures without concrete wallsare also abundant. During the dry season,these chowkas therefore, act as the majorsource of irrigation. The pattern of irrigationfor both the groups is shown in Table 10.Table 10 : Distribution of Gross Cropped Area in Bigha (with %) inDifferent Seasons under Alternative Irrigation Systems for Gr-I and Gr-IIGr-I Source of Irrigation TotalRain-water Canal water ChowkaSEASONKharif 275.00 76.50 29.80 381.30(30.10%) (8.36%) (3.25%) (41.71%)Rabi 52.00 186.00 86.00 324.00(5.68%) (20.34%) (9.41%) (35.43%)Pre-kharif 0.00 00.00 209.00 209.00(0.00%) (0.00%) (22.86%) (22.86%)Total 327.00 262.50 324.80 914.30(35.78%) (28.70%) (35.52%) (100.00%)(Contd.)Journal of Rural Development, Vol. 32, No. 1, January - March : 2013JRD 2 (1)
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January - March 2013 - National Institute of Rural Development

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