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152 Build Your Own Electric VehicleFi g u r e 6-9 Polyphase A C motor’s unique speed, torque, and slip characteristics ver sus voltage andfrequency.Fi g u r e 6-10 AC electric motor (Cour tesy of Zero Emission V ehicles of Australia).
Chapter 6: Electric Motors 153torque-slip curve), and generates power (instantaneously runs with negative slip in thegenerator region, supplying power back to the source).Wound-Rotor Induction MotorsYou might also encounter the wound-rotor induction motor in your EV power sourcequest. A wound rotor’s windings are brought out through slip rings—conductive ringson the rotor’s shaft—through brushes (analogous to DC motor construction) to anexternal resistance in series with each winding. The difference is that slip rings arecontinuous with no commutator slots. The advantage of the wound-rotor inductionmotor over the squirrel cage induction motor is that resistance control can be used tovary both the motor’s speed and its torque characteristics. Increasing the resistancecauses maximum torque to be developed at successively higher values. Along the waythe wound rotor has better starting characteristics and more flexible speed control.What you give up is efficiency at an increased complexity and cost.Today’s Best EV Motor SolutionDifferent motor types in their numerous variations give you an almost unlimited bag oftricks in terms of solutions, but you have to figure out which one to use. If someone tellsyou there is only one motor solution for a given application, ask another person. Theirnot-so-surprising and different answer ought to convince you that there are no blackand-whitemotor solutions—only shades of gray. You can probably find three or fourgood motors for any need and you should look for and ask the questions that uncoverthese alternate solutions. On any given motor solutions list, you might choose the motorwith the lowest price because that is your most important criteria. Another personmight choose the motor with the lightest weight. Still another might choose the motorwith the best startup torque. Regenerative braking might be most important to anotherperson, and so on. Just remember shades of gray. Following along with this theme, thesolution recommended here is not the solution, it is just a solution that happened towork best in this case. However, for economy conversions, DC series wound has beennoted to be the best approach. Other motors are getting harder to find and not everycontroller on the market can drive the motor. For efficiency and for regenerative braking(which buys about 25 percent range in city driving), AC motors are the best way to go.Series DC Motors Are the Best Approach TodaySeries DC motors are available from many sources, they work well, controllers are readilyavailable, adapters to different vehicles are easily made or purchased for them, and theprice is right. A series DC motor might not be the ultimate or even the best current solution,but it’s one that most EV converters will have no trouble implementing today.Don’t read anything into the tea leaves about the appearance of WarP motors here.They are only one out of a large number of motor manufacturers (see Chapter 12 for alist to get you started) and the motor recommended is only one out of a number ofmotors they manufacture.Today’s Winner: WarP MotorsThe New WarP ImPulse 9" Motor, as seen in Figure 6-11, is basically similar to the WarP9" diameter series wound motor, only shorter. It’s the same length as the 8" WarP motorbut with a higher power and efficiency rating.
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Build Your OwnElectric Vehicle
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Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hil
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For more information about this tit
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ContentsviiRemember the 30 Percent
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Contentsix8 Batteries .............
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xiiContentsChargers ...............
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xviPrefaceFi g u r e 2 TH!NK City c
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xxAcknowledgmentscar conversions fo
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Chapter 1: Why Electric Vehicles Ar
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CHAPTER 2Electric VehiclesSave the
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CHAPTER 3Electric Vehicle History
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314 IndexAssociation for Electric a
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316 Indexbuying an EV. See purchasi
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318 Indexcosts (continued)EV conver
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320 Indexelectrical system (continu
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322 IndexGGage, Tom, 69Galvani, Lui
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324 Indexlithium-ion batteries, 9,
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328 IndexTaylor, Carl, 294Technolog
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