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viContents3 Electric Vehicle History .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Timeline of Vehicle History .................................... 32The Timeline of Electric Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Up Until 1915 ......................................... 331940 to 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42After 1973: Phoenix Rising, Quickly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Third Wave After 1979: EVs Enter a Black Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Mid-1960s to 1990s ..................................... 52The 1990s–2000s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Electric Vehicles for the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Tesla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67eBox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Near Future Trends For Electric Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734 The Best Electric Vehicle for You .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Electric Vehicle Purchase Decisions ............................. 75Conversions Save You Money and Time ................... 75Buying Ready-to-Run .................................. 76Buying Ready-to-Run from an Independent Manufacturer . . 77Conversion Shops ...................................... 77Converting a Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Custom-Built Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Electric Vehicles Built from Plans ......................... 78Electric Vehicles Built from Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Converting Existing Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Converting Existing Vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Electric Vehicle Conversion Decisions ........................... 86Your Chassis Makes a Difference ......................... 86Your Batteries Make a Difference ......................... 88The Procedure ......................................... 89How Much Is This Going to Cost? .............................. 90Conversion for Fun and Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Motor, Controller, Battery Tests—Your ElectricCar Will Run Just Fine! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 Chassis and Design ........................................... 95Choose the Best Chassis for Your EV ............................ 95Optimize Your EV ............................................ 96Conventions and Formulas .................................... 96It Ain’t Heavy, It’s My EV ..................................... 98Remove All Unessential Weight .......................... 98Weight and Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Weight and Climbing ................................... 100Weight Affects Speed ................................... 101Weight Affects Range ................................... 102Remove the Weight but Keep Your Balance ................ 102