utvecklingen-av-korkortsinnehav-bland-unga-mojliga-forklaringar-konsekvenser-och-trender

vary a lot. With this kept in mind the studies report similar results of the significance ofdriver’s licence holding for young peoples’ ability to apply for jobs, find work andremain employed.In an often cited statistical UK study by Stafford et al. (1999) on the determinants ofsuccess and lack of success in the labour market, having a driver’s licence doubledyoung people’s chances of leaving unemployment. The unemployment spell was twomonths for those with driver’s licences, and eight for young women and four for youngmen without. Among young men, 80 % of those in full-time work, but only half theunemployed had driver’s licences. Among young women, 74 % of those in full-timework, but only 38 % of the unemployed did so. Several studies indicate similar figuresand links between having a driver’s licence, fewer and shorter periods ofunemployment, and permanent employment (Hales et al., 2003; Lakey & Bonjour,2002; Trickey et al., 1998).One explanation for these links given in the literature is that holding a licence improvesthe employability of young people in respect of employer requirements and preferences.The research indicates that employers regard a driver’s licence as a qualification similarto other education, and associate it with values such as a sense of responsibility and anorderly mind in young employees. A driver’s licence is also associated with greaterflexibility and the option of an employee using a car for work purposes should the needarise. Moreover, a driver’s licence is used to make an initial selection in order to reducethe number of applicants, which can be great when it comes to unskilled work, andwhere many of the candidates have similar (low) formal qualifications. The linkbetween driver’s licence holding and employability is also explained in the literature bythe fact that many unskilled service jobs require employees to drive as part of theirwork. This is the type of work which many young people without further/highereducation and young men in particular, have access to (for a review see Hasluck, 2011).The majority of the studies do not, however, examine driver licensing as a separateissue. Instead, driver licensing is looked at as part of the issue of whether access to a caraffects young peoples’ opportunity to find work and remain employed. The holding of adriver’s licence and access to a car sometimes becomes a single combined variable.Even so, with respect to gainful employment, this research indicates huge differencesbetween young people who hold driver’s licences and have access to cars, and those thatdo not. The explanation given for these differences is that, from a geographical point ofview, access to a car also provides access to a larger labour market and more jobopportunities. In this context, it is stressed that the private service sector, in which manyyoung people are employed, has seen jobs become more geographically spread out. Thenumber of short-term and temporary jobs has also increased among young people,which makes it far more important to be geographically flexible. Many jobs available toyoung people require them to work outside normal office hours. At present, publictransport services often do not match the time and location requirements and,consequently, many young workers are highly dependent on access to a car to remainemployed (Ball et al., 2000; Green et al., 2005; Tunstall et al., 2012).Research also indicates that employers have a tendency to regard access to a car as aguarantee of employees arriving on time and working efficiently, especially if the youngpeople live in peri-, suburban and rural locations with limited public transport provision.Access to a car also means that employees can be called in at short notice in response tolabour requirements on a day-by-day basis in different locations, something which isVTI rapport 824A 35