utvecklingen-av-korkortsinnehav-bland-unga-mojliga-forklaringar-konsekvenser-och-trender

and become self-sufficient. Most of the publications look at young people withpsychological issues which make it difficult for them to cope with learning to drive anddriving (Brooks et al., 2013; Båtevik & Myklebust, 2006; Geiger et al., 1995; Verhoefet al., 2013). Concrete links between holding a driver’s licence and gainful employmentare, however, rarely investigated, and these links frequently seems to be taken forgranted. This is an attitude these studies share with much of the literature found in thefull-text search.3.6 Study examplesUnder this section some studies are presented more in length in order to give a morecomprehensive understanding of the research under review. The studies have also beenselected to exemplify important findings and urgent questions, derived from the analysisof the literature.3.6.1 Lack of driver’s licence and dependence on social security amongyoung people with disabilities in NorwayDriver’s licence holding at 28-29 years of age was one of the factors examined in aNorwegian longitudinal study aimed at explaining why young people with disabilitiesare often characterized by high rates of unemployment and social security dependency(Myklebust, 2013). Included were young people with various disabilities of a somatic,psychological and/or social nature, and who were educated in ordinary schools, inspecial or regular classes. These young people were followed prospectively from theirfirst years in upper secondary school and into their late twenties. According to thestudy, nearly 44% of disabled young people were outside the Norwegian labour force in2011. The corresponding percentage for the whole population of young people was9.7%.Including driver’s licence holding in the study was motivated by the argument that alicence demonstrates some level of capability for employers. It may also be aprerequisite for certain types of work and many people need a car for commuting towork. Thus, a driver’s licence was conceptualized as an important resource in order toearn a living. It was therefore assumed that those former students with specialeducational needs without a driver’s licence had a greater risk of being a social securityrecipient than those with such a licence.The analyses indicates that the risk of being dependent on social security in their latetwenties was for men without a driver’s licence close to 13 times the risk compared withthose with a licence (other factors controlled for). The corresponding number was 3.4times for women. Lack of a driver’s licence entailed considerably greater risk ofdependence for men compared with other variables (education level, parenthood, etc.);e.g. the risk of being dependent on social security was 2.3 times higher for men withoutformal qualifications compared with those with such qualifications.This study has been selected as it exemplifies that in many quantitative studies ofvulnerable groups of young people, driver’s licences and/ or access to a car turn out tobe one of the most important factors behind whether young people are in employmentor not. However, this circumstance is often relatively briefly discussed in thepublications in comparison with other investigated themes, which are more establishedin the welfare research tradition. The study also represents a clear example of the greatvariation within the group of young people regarding the significance of a driver’slicence for employment, because of how different factors interact – in this case, genderVTI rapport 824A 37