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5. General approach to the safe handling of solventsAs mentioned in the introduction, the general principles in our approach tosolvents in laboratories should be:• Eliminate - a solvent if it is practical to do so (e.g. ignition oven);• Replace - dangerous/environmentally unfriendly solvents withsafer/more environmentally friendly solvents. Solvents can beevaluated by means of their MSDS. Appendix C lists the MSDS forcommonly used solvents and explains how the data on the MSDSshould be interpreted. A laboratory operator may not handle a solventin a laboratory without the operator having familiarised him/herselfwith the MSDS for that solvent;• Safe handling - where it is not practical to replace a hazardoussolvent, it is important, depending on the toxicity of the solvent, aswell as legislative requirements, that the measures required tominimise exposure to risk be undertaken. Such risk management(even for less toxic solvents) would entail: Ensure the general laboratory safety rules in Appendix A areobeyed; Ensure that the specified storage procedures in Appendix B arefollowed; Before working with a solvent, familiarise yourself with its MSDSwith regards to its fire/explosion risk, health risks and proceduresto be followed in case of spillage; Ensure compliance with the legislative requirements of SouthAfrica in terms of the Occupation Health and Safety Act of 1993(with Amendments), the General Safety Regulations of 1986 asper Government Gazette Notice R1031, as well as the HazardousChemical Substances Regulations of 1995 as per GovernmentGazette Notice R1179.Overall, when working with solvents in a bituminous products laboratory, abalance between the safety and environmental requirements, technicalaccuracy and correctness, and cost-effectiveness needs to be attained.28
6. Conclusions and recommendationsThe ignition oven has proven to be a safe, cost-effective, environmentallyfriendly and time-saving method for binder content determinations of hotmix asphalt. The ignition oven also displays a higher degree of accuracyand repeatability compared to traditional solvent-based methods. Theauthor strongly recommends that the ignition oven test method becomesthe specified standard test method for routine quality assurance testing inSouth Africa.In circumstances where it is required that the binder be recovered from thehot mix asphalt, or where the ignition oven would not be suitable for bindercontent determination, the use of solvent would still be required. In suchcircumstances the use of benzene and chlorinated solvents are no longeracceptable and should be phased out in South Africa. Thisrecommendation is justifiable in terms of:• Health and safety considerations (benzene and the chlorinatedsolvents are all carcinogens - Appendix C);• Environmental considerations;• International legislative requirements (Montreal Protocol).Any number of solvents can be proposed as replacement for thosecurrently used nationally, but such a replacement/s must conform to theHSE/legislative requirements of South Africa as well as the requirementsfor technical performance as defined in chapter 2.1.3.It has been established through the AASHTO laboratory proficiency testingscheme, and other international bodies, that test results obtained frombinders recovered from hot mix asphalt, exhibit poor repeatability (i.e. theresults have high coefficients of variation). This poor repeatability has adirect effect on the reliability of the results obtained. In order to limit thecoefficient of variation, it is recommended that one single extractionprocedure be prescribed for South Africa. The authors propose that thenew SUPERPAVE-developed method, as set forth in AASHTO T319, beconsidered. It would have the advantage of being an internationallyacceptedtest method. Alternatively, from a more cost-effective point ofview, the current extraction method as described in TMH 1, Method C7bmay be amended to include such improvements as decreased lighting29
Page 1: Guide to the safe handling ofsolven
Page 4 and 5: Sabita DVD SeriesDVD100DVD200DVD300
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS1. Introduction2. Solvent s
Page 8 and 9: • The use of High Performance Liq
Page 10 and 11: 2. Solvent specific test methods2.1
Page 12 and 13: • A mass balance requires a tempe
Page 14 and 15: *Jojoba oil (pronounced “ho-HO-ba
Page 16 and 17: properties of the recovered binder.
Page 18 and 19: Table 1. Coefficients of variationM
Page 20 and 21: • Temperature - Although binder h
Page 23 and 24: • Density - In general, a solvent
Page 25 and 26: 2.5. The determination of the softe
Page 27: 4. Evaluating the cost-effectivenes
Page 31 and 32: absorptive limestone). In this way
Page 33 and 34: 13. Peterson, GD, Davison, RR, Glov
Page 35 and 36: in a location close to where the pr
Page 37 and 38: product identifier (product name);
Page 39 and 40: eye wash bottles and safety showers
Page 41 and 42: • reaction to naturally-occurring
Page 43 and 44: consulting the MSDS for the product
Page 45 and 46: those which could compromise an ind
Page 47 and 48: • Reactive chemicals May be sensi
Page 49 and 50: The following guidelines should be
Page 51 and 52: mercury air concentrations. If a la
Page 53 and 54: Be prepared to repeat the process i
Page 55 and 56: Leaking regulators, cylinder valves
Page 57 and 58: Peroxide-forming (e.g. ether) and e
Page 59 and 60: • Direct connections: Direct conn
Page 61 and 62: This guide is available on the UK H
Page 63 and 64: Factors that can increase the risk
Page 65 and 66: containers that may be contaminated
Page 67 and 68: Record each run in a logbook: keep
Page 69 and 70: • Gas chromatographs (GC): Gas ch
Page 71 and 72: Locate and know how to test and ope
Page 73 and 74: Do not remove a dressing that has b
Page 75 and 76: As soon as the flames are extinguis
Page 77 and 78: Appendix B - Recommendations for so
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• All packages in storage should
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Table 2.Examples of incompatible co
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Table 3. Suggested segregation for
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• Keep picric acid solutions wet
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peroxides. The radius shall be meas
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acute health effect - an effect tha
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8 Corrosive; 9 Miscellaneous.ED50 (
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freezing point - the temperature at
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airborne substance, averaged over a
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teratogen - chemical which may caus
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• Many of the occupation exposure
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