Guide to the safe handling of solvents in a bituminous ... - Aapaq.org

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CONTENTS1. Introduction2. Solvent specific test methods2.1. Determination of the binder content of a hot mixasphalt sample and/or recovery of the binder2.2. Determination of the solubility of bitumen2.3. The xylene/heptane spot test (AASHTO T102)2.4. Determination of the binder content of emulsions(ASTM D244)2.5. Determination of the softening point of binder (where thesoftening point is expected to exceed 85 o C - ASTM D36)2.6. The use of high performance liquid chromatography, gaschromatography or thin layer chromatography tocharacterise binders3. Cleaning and maintenance3.1. New developments3.2. Solvent cleaning4. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of a process5. General approach to the safe handling of solvents6. Conclusions and recommendations7. References8. Appendix A - General laboratory safety rules9. Appendix B - Recommendations for solvent storage10. Appendix C - The Management and interpretation ofMaterial Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)6
1. IntroductionThere are many disadvantages associated with the use of solvents in abituminous laboratory. Chiefly, they can be categorised as follows:• Health and Safety Hazards - Solvents are potentially harmful tolaboratory operators and represent significant health risks when thesolvent liquid or vapours are absorbed through inhalation or throughexposure of the skin. Most solvents also present a significantexplosion or fire risk;• Environmental Hazards - Solvents in general have a high carbonfootprint, i.e. their manufacture and disposal may be energy intensive,resulting in a direct or indirect contribution to the carbon dioxideconcentration in the atmosphere. In addition some chlorinatedsolvents, such as the commonly used trichloroethylene (TCE), havebeen shown to be linked to damage of the ozone layer, and their usehas become increasingly restricted under the Montreal Protocol andthe US Clean Air Act;• Cost Implications - The costs of solvents have increasedsignificantly in the past number of years, and the costs are generallyrelated to the cost of crude oil. However, other factors such as supplyand demand, stricter environmental and safety regulations, and morecostly manufacturing processes (to reduce carbon emissions andprocess pollutants) also play important roles. Moreover, not only hasthe cost of procurement increased significantly, but the cost ofdisposal and/or recycling has also increased.Generally, the use of solvents in a bituminous products laboratory is limitedto reagents for specific test methods and to cleaning agents for glasswareand equipment. However, samples under test may also contain solventssuch as paraffin (eg cut-back bitumen).The specific test methods where solvents are used as reagents are:• The determination of the binder content of a hot mix asphalt sample;• The recovery of the binder of a hot mix asphalt sample;• The determination of the solubility of bitumen;• The xylene/heptane spot test;7
Page 1: Guide to the safe handling ofsolven
Page 4 and 5: Sabita DVD SeriesDVD100DVD200DVD300
Page 8 and 9: • The use of High Performance Liq
Page 10 and 11: 2. Solvent specific test methods2.1
Page 12 and 13: • A mass balance requires a tempe
Page 14 and 15: *Jojoba oil (pronounced “ho-HO-ba
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Page 18 and 19: Table 1. Coefficients of variationM
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Page 47 and 48: • Reactive chemicals May be sensi
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Peroxide-forming (e.g. ether) and e
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• Direct connections: Direct conn
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This guide is available on the UK H
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Factors that can increase the risk
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containers that may be contaminated
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Record each run in a logbook: keep
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• Gas chromatographs (GC): Gas ch
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Locate and know how to test and ope
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Do not remove a dressing that has b
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As soon as the flames are extinguis
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Appendix B - Recommendations for so
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• All packages in storage should
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Table 2.Examples of incompatible co
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Table 3. Suggested segregation for
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• Keep picric acid solutions wet
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peroxides. The radius shall be meas
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acute health effect - an effect tha
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8 Corrosive; 9 Miscellaneous.ED50 (
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freezing point - the temperature at
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airborne substance, averaged over a
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teratogen - chemical which may caus
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• Many of the occupation exposure
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