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Fire will not be initiated if any one of these elements is absent, and will notbe sustained if one of these elements is removed.This concept is useful in understanding prevention and control of fires. Forexample, the coexistence of flammable vapours and ignition sourcesshould be avoided, but when flammable vapours cannot be controlledelimination of ignition sources is essential.• Classes of Fire: The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA -USA) has defined four classes of fire, according to the type of fuelinvolved. These are: Class A fires involve combustibles such as paper, wood, cloth,rubber and many plastics; Class B fires entail burning of liquid fuels like oil-based paints,greases, solvents, oil and gasoline; Class C fires are of electrical origin (fuse boxes, electric motors,wiring); Class D fires encompass combustible metals such as magnesium,sodium, potassium and phosphorus.• Fire extinguishers: Fire extinguishers are rated as A, B, C or D (orcombinations of A, B, C and D) for use against the different classes offires. Personnel should familiarise themselves with the fire classratings of the extinguishers in their work areas so that they know whattypes of fire they can attempt to extinguish with each particularextinguisher. They should learn how to use each type of extinguisher,as there will be no time to read instructions during an emergency.They should attempt to fight small fires only, and only if there is anescape route available. It is important to have the extinguisherrecharged after every use. If the necessity does arise to fight a fire,personnel should remember the acronym “PASS” when using theextinguisher: P: Pull and twist the locking pin to break the seal; A: Aim low, and point the nozzle at the base of the fire; S: Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent; S: Sweep from side to side until the fire is out;52
Be prepared to repeat the process if the fire breaks out again.• Preventing fires: Use the following precautions when working withor using flammable chemicals in a laboratory, and keep in mind thatthese precautions also apply to flammable chemical waste: Minimise the quantities of flammable liquids kept in the laboratory; Do not exceed the maximum container sizes specified by theNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA); Except for the quantities needed for the work at hand, keep allflammable liquids in NFPA or UL (underwriters' laboratories)approved flammable liquid storage cabinets. Keep cabinet doorsclosed and latched at all times. Do not store other materials inthese cabinets; Use and store flammable liquids and gases only in well-ventilatedareas. Use a fume hood when working with products that releaseflammable vapours; Keep flammable solvent containers, including those for collectingwaste, well capped. Place open reservoirs or collection vessels fororganic procedures like HPLC inside vented chambers; Store flammable chemicals that require refrigeration in“explosion-safe” (non-sparking) laboratory refrigerators; Keep flammable chemicals away from ignition sources, such asheat, sparks, flames and direct sunlight. Avoid welding orsoldering in the vicinity of flammables; Bond and ground large metal containers of flammable liquids instorage. To avoid the build-up of static charges, bond containersto each other when dispensing; Use portable safety cans for storing, dispensing and transportingflammable liquids; Clean spills of flammable liquids promptly.• Evacuations: In the event that the general alarm is sounded, followthe evacuation routes established for your area; do not use theelevators. Follow the instructions of the evacuation monitors. Onceoutside the building, move away from the doors to allow others to exit;• Gas Safety - hazards of compressed gases: Compressed gasesare hazardous due to the high pressure inside cylinders. Knockingover an unsecured, uncapped cylinder of compressed gas can breakthe cylinder valve, and the resulting rapid escape of high pressuregas can turn a cylinder into an uncontrolled rocket or pinwheel,53
Page 1: Guide to the safe handling ofsolven
Page 4 and 5: Sabita DVD SeriesDVD100DVD200DVD300
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS1. Introduction2. Solvent s
Page 8 and 9: • The use of High Performance Liq
Page 10 and 11: 2. Solvent specific test methods2.1
Page 12 and 13: • A mass balance requires a tempe
Page 14 and 15: *Jojoba oil (pronounced “ho-HO-ba
Page 16 and 17: properties of the recovered binder.
Page 18 and 19: Table 1. Coefficients of variationM
Page 20 and 21: • Temperature - Although binder h
Page 23 and 24: • Density - In general, a solvent
Page 25 and 26: 2.5. The determination of the softe
Page 27 and 28: 4. Evaluating the cost-effectivenes
Page 29 and 30: 6. Conclusions and recommendationsT
Page 31 and 32: absorptive limestone). In this way
Page 33 and 34: 13. Peterson, GD, Davison, RR, Glov
Page 35 and 36: in a location close to where the pr
Page 37 and 38: product identifier (product name);
Page 39 and 40: eye wash bottles and safety showers
Page 41 and 42: • reaction to naturally-occurring
Page 43 and 44: consulting the MSDS for the product
Page 45 and 46: those which could compromise an ind
Page 47 and 48: • Reactive chemicals May be sensi
Page 49 and 50: The following guidelines should be
Page 51: mercury air concentrations. If a la
Page 55 and 56: Leaking regulators, cylinder valves
Page 57 and 58: Peroxide-forming (e.g. ether) and e
Page 59 and 60: • Direct connections: Direct conn
Page 61 and 62: This guide is available on the UK H
Page 63 and 64: Factors that can increase the risk
Page 65 and 66: containers that may be contaminated
Page 67 and 68: Record each run in a logbook: keep
Page 69 and 70: • Gas chromatographs (GC): Gas ch
Page 71 and 72: Locate and know how to test and ope
Page 73 and 74: Do not remove a dressing that has b
Page 75 and 76: As soon as the flames are extinguis
Page 77 and 78: Appendix B - Recommendations for so
Page 79 and 80: • All packages in storage should
Page 81 and 82: Table 2.Examples of incompatible co
Page 83 and 84: Table 3. Suggested segregation for
Page 85 and 86: • Keep picric acid solutions wet
Page 87 and 88: peroxides. The radius shall be meas
Page 89 and 90: acute health effect - an effect tha
Page 91 and 92: 8 Corrosive; 9 Miscellaneous.ED50 (
Page 93 and 94: freezing point - the temperature at
Page 95 and 96: airborne substance, averaged over a
Page 97 and 98: teratogen - chemical which may caus
Page 99 and 100: • Many of the occupation exposure

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