Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients - Nutritotal

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FOREWORDcomments received through this process were considered for this finalizedversion of the guidelines.We are all committed to the elimination of micronutrient malnutrition. Wehope that these <strong>Guidelines</strong> will help countries to meet this goal and thereforeenable their population to achieve its full social and economic potential.Lindsay AllenBruno de BenoistOmar DaryRichard Hurrellxvii
PrefaceMore than 2 billion people in the world today suffer from micronutrient deficienciescaused largely by a dietary deficiency of vitamins and minerals. Thepublic health importance of these deficiencies lies upon their magnitude andtheir health consequences, especially in pregnant women and young children,as they affect fetal and child growth, cognitive development and resistanceto infection. Although people in all population groups in all regions of theworld may be affected, the most widespread and severe problems are usuallyfound amongst resource poor, food insecure and vulnerable households indeveloping countries. Poverty, lack of access to a variety of foods, lack ofknowledge of appropriate dietary practices and high incidence of infectiousdiseases are key factors. Micronutrient malnutrition is thus a major impedimentto socio-economic development contributing to a vicious circle of underdevelopmentand to the detriment of already underprivileged groups. It haslong-ranging effects on health, learning ability and productivity and has highsocial and public costs leading to reduced work capacity due to high rates ofillness and disability.Overcoming micronutrient malnutrition is therefore a precondition for ensuringrapid and appropriate national development.This was the consensus reachedat the FAO/WHO International Conference on Nutrition (ICN) in December1992, where 159 countries endorsed the World Declaration on Nutrition, pledging“to make all efforts to eliminate ...iodine and vitamin A deficiencies” and“to reduce substantially ...other important micronutrient deficiencies, includingiron.” Since then, FAO and WHO have continued to work to achieve thisgoal and in doing so have adopted four main strategies improving dietary intakesthrough increased production, preservation and marketing of micronutrient-richfoods combined with nutrition education; food fortification; supplementation;and global public health and other disease control measures. Each of these strategieshave a place in eliminating micronutrient malnutrition. For maximumimpact, the right balance or mix of these mutually reinforcing strategies need tobe put in place to ensure access to consumption and utilization of an adequatevariety and quantity of safe, good-quality foods for all people of the world.Underpinning these strategies is the realisation that when there is a dietary deficiencyin any one nutrient, there are likely to be other nutrient deficiencies asxviii
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Page 13 and 14: List of tablesTable 1.1 Prevalence
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PA RT I IEvaluating the publichealt
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GUIDELINES ON FOOD FORTIFICATION WI
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IntroductionBy providing a critical
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CHAPTER 5Iron, vitamin A and iodine
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEto phy
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEdiet,
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEcompou
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINETABLE
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEtortil
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEnumber
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEstool
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINETABLE
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEvitami
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINE— in
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEiodine
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEdevelo
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEhypert
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6. ZINC, B VITAMINS, VITAMINS C AND
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PA RT I VImplementing effectiveand
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CHAPTER 8Monitoring and evaluationM
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CHAPTER 10Communication, social mar
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CHAPTER 11National food lawGovernme
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Further readingPart I. The role of
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ANNEX AIndicators for assessing pro
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ANNEX BThe international resource l
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B. THE INTERNATIONAL RESOURCE LABOR
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ANNEX CConversion factors for calcu
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C. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR CALCULATI
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D. A PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING FEASI
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ANNEX EA quality control monitoring
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E. A QUALITY CONTROL MONITORING SYS
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E. A QUALITY CONTROL MONITORING SYS
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F. THE CODEX ALIMENTARIUS AND THE W
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IndexAdequate Intake (AI), 146Advoc
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INDEXLower Threshold Intake, 146Rec
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INDEXGambia, Theberiberi, 71calcium
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INDEXMalaysiaiodine fortification,
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INDEXKeshan Disease, 88prevalence o
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INDEXhealth consequences of, 84oste
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Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients - Nutritotal

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