Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients - Nutritotal

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ABBREVIATIONSNGONRVPAHOPARPEMQAQCRBVRDARERNIRRSUSTAINTBTUNICEFULUSIVADWFPWHONongovernmental organizationNutrient Reference ValuePan American Health OrganizationPopulation attributable riskProtein–energy malnutritionQuality assuranceQuality controlRelative bioavailabilityRecommended Dietary AllowanceRetinol equivalentsRecommended Nutrient IntakeRelative riskSharing United States Technology to Aid in the Improvement ofNutrition(Agreement on) Technical Barriers to TradeUnited Nations Children’s FundTolerable Upper Intake LevelUniversal salt iodizationVitamin A deficiencyWorld Food ProgrammeWorld Health Organizationxxv
GlossaryThe Average Intake (AI) is a recommended intake value based on observedor experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intakeby a group or groups of apparently healthy people that are assumed to beadequate.Cost limit refers to the maximum acceptable increment in price of a food dueto fortification.A Dietary Recommended Intake (DRI) is a quantitative estimate of a nutrientintake that is used as a reference value for planning and assessing dietsfor apparently healthy people. Examples include AIs, EARs, RDAs and ULs.Effectiveness refers to the impact of an intervention in practice. Compared toefficacy, the effectiveness of a fortification programme will be limited byfactors such as non- or low consumption of the fortified food.Efficacy refers to the capacity of an intervention such as fortification to achievethe desired impact under ideal circumstances. This usually refers to experimental,well-supervised intervention trials.Enrichment is synonymous with fortification and refers to the addition ofmicronutrients to a food irrespective of whether the nutrients were originallyin the food before processing or not.Essential micronutrient refers to any micronutrient, which is needed forgrowth and development and the maintenance of healthy life, that is normallyconsumed as a constituent of food and cannot be synthesized in adequateamounts by the body.The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the average (median) dailynutrient intake level estimated to meet the needs of half the healthy individualsin a particular age and gender group. The EAR is used to derive theRecommended Dietary Allowance.Evaluation refers to the assessment of the effectiveness and impact of the programmeon the targeted population. The aim of an evaluation is to provideevidence that the programme is achieving its nutritional goals.Feasible Fortification Level (FFL) is that which is determined, subject to costxxvi
Page 1 and 2: Guidelines onfood
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Page 7 and 8: GUIDELINES ON FOOD FORTIFICATION WI
Page 13 and 14: List of tablesTable 1.1 Prevalence
Page 17 and 18: ForewordInterest in micronutrient m
Page 21 and 22: PrefaceMore than 2 billion people i
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Page 34: PA RT IThe role of food fortificati
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 2Food fortification: basic
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GUIDELINES ON FOOD FORTIFICATION WI
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IntroductionBy providing a critical
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CHAPTER 5Iron, vitamin A and iodine
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEto phy
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEdiet,
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEcompou
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINETABLE
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEtortil
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEnumber
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEstool
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINETABLE
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEvitami
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINE— in
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEiodine
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEdevelo
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5. IRON, VITAMIN A AND IODINEhypert
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6. ZINC, B VITAMINS, VITAMINS C AND
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PA RT I VImplementing effectiveand
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CHAPTER 8Monitoring and evaluationM
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CHAPTER 10Communication, social mar
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CHAPTER 11National food lawGovernme
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Further readingPart I. The role of
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ANNEX AIndicators for assessing pro
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ANNEX BThe international resource l
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B. THE INTERNATIONAL RESOURCE LABOR
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ANNEX CConversion factors for calcu
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C. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR CALCULATI
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D. A PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING FEASI
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ANNEX EA quality control monitoring
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E. A QUALITY CONTROL MONITORING SYS
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E. A QUALITY CONTROL MONITORING SYS
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F. THE CODEX ALIMENTARIUS AND THE W
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IndexAdequate Intake (AI), 146Advoc
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INDEXLower Threshold Intake, 146Rec
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INDEXGambia, Theberiberi, 71calcium
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INDEXMalaysiaiodine fortification,
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INDEXKeshan Disease, 88prevalence o
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INDEXhealth consequences of, 84oste
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