MAXIMISING OLYMPIC DISTANCE TRIATHLON PERFORMANCE ...

Recommendations

Info

Table 1. Age groups in which New Zealand triathletes raced at the 1998 ITUWorld Triathlon Championships.Age group Females Males65 - 69 - 150 - 54 2 145 - 49 2 435 - 39 1 230 - 34 - 125 - 29 1 420 - 24 - 2Subjects were instructed to estimateand report on the amount and type offluid consumed between the pre andpost race weight measurements.Fluid intake for each athlete wasreported on and recorded at the postrace weight check.Subjects were further asked toreport on urine output and bowelmotions between the pre and postrace weight checks. They wereinstructed to report on the frequencyof passing urine and to indicate ifthey passed a small, medium orlarge amount. A small volume wasestimated to be 100 ml urine,medium 200 ml and large 300 ml.Fluid loss (g) was estimated usingthe following equation:Fluid loss = reduction in body weight(g) + fluid intake (g) - urine output (g).Percent dehydration is defined asthe body weight loss which occurredduring the race and was calculatedas follows:Percent dehydration = (body weightreduction - urine output) / initial bodyweight x 100ResultsAll subjects lost weight during therace and mean weight loss was1200 g (range 200 - 2600 g). Meantotal fluid intake between pre andpost race weight measurements was1120 g (range 500 - 2500 g). Meanestimated urine output was 120 g.Total mean fluid loss (reduction inbody weight + fluid intake - urineoutput) was thus 1200 plus 1120 -120 = 2200 g. Mean percentdehydration (body weight loss - urineoutput / initial body weight x 100)was 1.4%.DiscussionA limitation of this study was that dueto it’s nature, fluid intakes and urineoutput could not be accuratelymeasured and had to be estimatedby subjects. However, as this studywas conducted during an importantinternational race it does providevaluable information on fluid lossesand intakes during such an eventand under specific climaticconditions. The results indicate thatdespite the perceived cooltemperatures during the first part ofthe morning during which the agegroup World Championship race104
took place, the triathletes in thisstudy did become dehydrated andhad not judged their fluidrequirements accurately. Asscientists now believe that there isno critical amount of dehydrationwhich can be tolerated withoutphysiological consequence, thesetriathletes would have benefited fromlarger fluid intakes during the race.As sweat rates are highly individualand because athletes do notvoluntarily meet their fluidrequirements, assessing fluid lossesin both training and racing is ofsignificant benefit in developingappropriate fluid intake plans forindividual athletes.ReferencesCoyle, E.F., Montain, S.J. (1992a)Carbohydrate and fluid ingestionduring exercise: Are there tradeoffs?Medicine and Science inSport and Exercise , 24, 671-678Noakes, T.D. (1993) Fluidreplacement during exercise.Exercise and SportsScience.Review, 21:297-330Broad, E.M., Burke, L.M., Cox, G.R.,Heeley, P., Riley, M. (1996) Bodyweight changes and voluntary fluidintakes during training andcompetition sessions in team sports.International Journal of SportsNutrition, 6,:307-320105
Page 1 and 2:
Proceedings from the Gatorade Inter
Page 3 and 4:
Schedule of eventsDay 1: Monday Nov
Page 6 and 7:
Maximising Athletic Performance….
Page 8 and 9:
Ever since 1980, every world record
Page 10 and 11:
Maximising Olympic Distance Triathl
Page 12 and 13:
Common cycling - related injuries,e
Page 14 and 15:
If heat illness is not treated prop
Page 16 and 17:
Maximising Olympic Distance Triathl
Page 18:
the triathlon run at an unsustainab
Page 21 and 22:
system in a group of triathletes.Re
Page 23 and 24:
to different race situations.Nevert
Page 25 and 26:
carbohydrate diets for improvingend
Page 27 and 28:
can identify problems that lead tos
Page 29 and 30:
unch riding and the dynamics ofdraf
Page 32 and 33:
Maximising Olympic Distance Perform
Page 34 and 35:
athletes and highlights the infancy
Page 36 and 37:
weight training under a coach for e
Page 38 and 39:
year I was ranked sixth in ITU Worl
Page 40:
Guidance from high performancetriat
Page 44 and 45:
Using hypobaric oxygen techniques a
Page 46 and 47:
1996) suggest treatment with hyperb
Page 48 and 49:
elease, which will produce the desi
Page 51 and 52:
1994 season. Vancouver Canucksrepor
Page 54 and 55: 14 Days of Intermittent Hypoxia Doe
Page 56 and 57: and the six females all trained ins
Page 58 and 59: 95HR (bpm)857565Tre-hypoxicTre-norm
Page 60 and 61: ReferencesAudran M, Gareau R, Matec
Page 62 and 63: Intermittent Hypoxic Training: A Re
Page 64 and 65: Intermittent Hypoxic Training, A Pi
Page 66 and 67: 3. IHR is often accompanied bya gen
Page 68 and 69: Reliability and validity of portabl
Page 70 and 71: 2Difference between repeated measur
Page 72: Stat LM3 lactate analyser3) It is a
Page 75 and 76: differences of male and female elit
Page 77 and 78: greater percentage of adipose tissu
Page 79 and 80: Table 3 Girths: descriptive data &
Page 81 and 82: greater than chest girth (t= -5.20,
Page 83 and 84: that the upper body or trunk hasdev
Page 85 and 86: study was 19.0 years, which is grea
Page 87 and 88: Training adaptation and biologicalc
Page 89 and 90: the steady state time trial (Smith
Page 91 and 92: the maximum heart rate reached byea
Page 93 and 94: Table 1. Subject characteristicsTes
Page 95 and 96: Mid Run VO 2ValuesOxygen Values (L.
Page 97 and 98: performance is expected following a
Page 100 and 101: The Lactate Index: Classification o
Page 102 and 103: Fluid losses and Voluntary Fluid In
Page 106 and 107: 106
Page 108 and 109: study will be used to present apred
Page 110 and 111: ResultsTable 1. Mean environmental
Page 112 and 113: Figure 1 shows that path analysis o
Page 114 and 115: leg with greater total body waterwh
Page 116 and 117: 116
Page 118 and 119: 2 Jeukendrup, A. E., W. H. M. Saris
Page 120 and 121: Notes:120
Page 122 and 123: Notes:122
Page 124: Notes:124
show all

MAXIMISING OLYMPIC DISTANCE TRIATHLON PERFORMANCE ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?