MAXIMISING OLYMPIC DISTANCE TRIATHLON PERFORMANCE ...

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leg with greater total body waterwhich allows them to exercise at ahigher intensity. This is supportedby the relative body mass changeresults on the bicycle leg where thebest performers maintain a bodyweight closer to their euhydratedstate than the slower triathletes.Therefore, importance must beplaced on preventing negative fluidbalance during ODT in order tomaintain intensity. This ishighlighted by the finding that bicyclesweat loss was also significantlycorrelated with run leg time. Fluidintake on the bicycle is difficultduring the first 25 minutes of therace. The present findings suggestthat if hypohydration is to be delayedin ODT then fluid consumption in theearly stages of the bicycle leg areimportant.Similar to the bicycle leg results, astrong correlation was observedbetween relative body masschanges and run leg time.Triathletes who had maintained theirbody mass during the run leg werefaster, however, greater fluidconsumption during the run leg alsocorrelated significantly with run legtime. Relative body mass change isreflective of total hydration state andis the net product of fluid intake andloss. In the present study, triathletesentered the run leg hypohydrated byapproximately two percent of theirbody mass. Sawka (1992) suggeststhat once body water deficit exceeds2% BM, there becomes adisproportionate larger decrease inmaximal aerobic power with anincreased magnitude of body waterdeficit. Therefore, the athletes whoenter the run leg with the least bodywater deficit are better equipped tocomplete the run leg in a faster time.This may explain that athletes whohave a decreased body water deficitare better able to exercise at higherintensities and therefore completethe 10-km leg faster. Hence, thepresent results further support theneed for protection of body waterduring ODT in hot conditions.Furthermore, ad-libitum fluidconsumption during the run stronglycorrelated with faster ODT. Thisresult also suggests that fastertriathletes maintain total body waterfor longer than their slowercounterparts during ODT. This issupported by the current results thatindicate that when controlling forindividual sweat fluid loss, that thetriathletes who consumed the mostfluid during the ODT was faster.Taken together these results wouldsuggest that the best triathletescompeting in ODT have greatersweat capacity, however are alsotrained in fluid intake. Therefore,strategies for delaying hypohydrationare critical for increasing ODTperformance in hot and humidconditions. The predictive modelpresented can be used to highlightthe importance of correct hydrationmethods during ODT.Coaching ImplicationsThe present study highlighted thedeleterious effects of hypohydrationon ODT performance. These resultswould suggest that athletescompeting ODT in hot and humidconditions should take measures toprevent body water loss.Acclimatisation periods for longerthan 14 days should be undertakento best prepare the athlete forexercise in hot and humid conditions(see Maughan and Sherriffs (1997)for appropriate strategies).114
Furthermore, triathletes should betrained to consume as much fluid aspossible during the early stages ofthe bicycle leg to the completion ofthe ODT in order to prevent thedeleterious effect of hypohydration.These strategies should bereinforced at training. Finally, preeventhyperhydration with solutionssuch as glycerol should beconsidered to assist in thepreservation of total body waterduring ODT (Coutts et al. 1999).These strategies will aid the athletein increasing ODT performancewhen competing in hot and humidconditions.Hinson and L. J. DiCarlo (1990).“Carbohydrate-electrolytereplacement during a simulatedtriathlon in the heat.” Medicine andScience in Sports and Exercise22(5): 621-628.Sawka, M. N. (1992).“Physiological consequences ofhypohydration:Exerciseperformance and thermoregulation.”Medicine and Science in Sports andExercise 24(6): 657-670.Walsh, R. M., T. D. Noakes, J.A. Hawley and S. C. Dennis (1994).“Impaired high-intensity cyclingperformance time at low levels ofdehydration.” International Journal ofSports Medicine 15: 393-398.ReferencesBroad, E., D. Smith, G. VanEwyk, S. Beasley and A. Roberts(1997). Sweat losses during anOlympic distance triathlon. SportsMedicine Australia (SMA),Canberra, Sports Medicine Australia(SMA).Burke, L. M. and J. A. Hawley(1997). “Fluid balance in teamsports: Guidelines for optimalpractices.” Sports Medicine 24(1):38-54.Coutts, A. J., P. R. J. Reaburn ,W. K. Mummery and M. Holmes(1999). “The effect of glycerolhyperhydration on Olympic distancetriathlon in hot and humidconditions.” Journal of Science andMedicine in Sport In Review.Maughan, R. J. and S. M.Sherriffs (1997). “Preparing athletesfor competition in the heat:developing an effectiveacclimitization strategy.” SportsScience Exchange 10(2).Millard-Stafford, M., P. B.Sparling, L. B. Rosskopf, B. T.115
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Proceedings from the Gatorade Inter
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Schedule of eventsDay 1: Monday Nov
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Maximising Athletic Performance….
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Ever since 1980, every world record
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Maximising Olympic Distance Triathl
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Common cycling - related injuries,e
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If heat illness is not treated prop
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Maximising Olympic Distance Triathl
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the triathlon run at an unsustainab
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system in a group of triathletes.Re
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to different race situations.Nevert
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carbohydrate diets for improvingend
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can identify problems that lead tos
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unch riding and the dynamics ofdraf
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Maximising Olympic Distance Perform
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athletes and highlights the infancy
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weight training under a coach for e
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year I was ranked sixth in ITU Worl
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Guidance from high performancetriat
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Using hypobaric oxygen techniques a
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1996) suggest treatment with hyperb
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elease, which will produce the desi
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1994 season. Vancouver Canucksrepor
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14 Days of Intermittent Hypoxia Doe
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and the six females all trained ins
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95HR (bpm)857565Tre-hypoxicTre-norm
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ReferencesAudran M, Gareau R, Matec
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Intermittent Hypoxic Training: A Re
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Page 110 and 111: ResultsTable 1. Mean environmental
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