MAXIMISING OLYMPIC DISTANCE TRIATHLON PERFORMANCE ...

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95HR (bpm)857565Tre-hypoxicTre-normoxicControl55D13D11D9D7D5D3D1Figure 2. Heartrate response during 14 days of IHT comparing TRE and CONgroups.12001614Distance (metres)VO2 (L/min)RER10008004.543.5 60031.20 2.51.15 21.101.51.051.00 10.950.900.850.800.750.70Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 MaxStep 1 Step2 Step 3 MaxStep 1 Step 2 Step 3 MaxTRE- preTRE- postCON- preCON- postTRE- preTRE- postCON-preCON- postTRE- preTRE- postCON-preCON- postHeartrateLactate (mmol/L)121086420200175150125100rest step 1 step 2 step 3 step 4Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 MaxTRE-preTRE - postCON - preCON - postTRE- preTRE- postCON- preCON- postFigure 3 (a-e) Change in (a) distance (m), (b) heartrate (HR), (c) oxygen uptake(VO2), (d) Lactate and (e) respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise after 14days of IHT, comparing TRE and CON groups.58
DiscussionThis study did not find any increasein RBC, [Hb], Hct and total number ofreticulocytes after 14 days of IHT.Our results differ from others(Hellemans 1998, Radezievsky et al,1993, and Rodriguez et al 1999),however the present study was theonly one to use a control group. It isunlikely that the difference betweenour results an those of the otherresearchers can be explained by thetotal amount of hypoxic exposure towhich the athletes were subject.While both the daily duration (45 minvs 60 minutes) and the number ofdays (14 vs 18) was less than that ofHellemans (1998), he reported thegreatest change in thehaematological profile and physicalperformance occurred in a subjectwho reduced IHT to one session perday. This would be less than thedaily exposure in the current study.Furthermore, Radzievsky et al.(1993) used a protocol of hypoxicexposure (15 days, one session perday) similar to ours and yet reportedan increased [Hb].Rodriguez et al. (1999) reported asignificant increase in RBC and [Hb]after nine days of hypobaric hypoxia.The subjects in this study were notexposed to classic IHT but to acontinuous hypoxic stimulus(equivalent to 4000-5500m altitude)for 3-5 hours per day. Mean RBCincreased from 5.16 to 5.79x10 12 L -1and [Hb] from 14.2 to 16.7g.dL -1 . Itseems unlikely that these changescould have resulted from an increasein red blood cell production, sinceeven daily administration of 50 U.kg -1 recombiant erythropietin does notproduce changes of such amagnitude within ten days (Audranet al, 1999). In addition the subjectsof Rodriguez et al. (1999) showedno increase in VO 2max . An increasewould have been expected if redblood cell numbers were augmented(Audran et al, 1999.There is a substantial day to dayvariation in [Hb] (Martin et al, 1997)and reticulocytes (Schmidt et al,1988), and changes also occuracross the training cycle. Schmidt etal. (1988) reported that a single boutof exercise doubled the number ofreticulocytes one to two days later.An examination of blood reticulocytenumber across a group of rowersshowed that the values increased onaverage by 22% as the rowersmoved from an endurance phase toan intensive phase of training(Parisotto,personalcommunication). This fast responseof reticulocytes points to a washouteffect releasing prematurereticulocytes from the bone marrowrather than a stimulation of RBCMairbaurl, (1994). It is possible thatthe reported changes observed byothers may reflect a temporary effectof training and not a real increase inRBC production.ConclusionIt is well recognised that living at highaltitude (4000m or higher) is astrong stimulus for an increase inRBC mass (Wolfel et al, 1991).Using the method of IHT in thepresent study does expose theathlete to high levels of hypoxiahowever the interval approach andthe short duration of exposure wasnot enough to evoke a change inhaematological parameters andaccordingly there was no effect onVO 2max or ergometer performance.59
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Proceedings from the Gatorade Inter
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Schedule of eventsDay 1: Monday Nov
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Maximising Athletic Performance….
Page 8 and 9: Ever since 1980, every world record
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Page 12 and 13: Common cycling - related injuries,e
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Page 46 and 47: 1996) suggest treatment with hyperb
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Page 54 and 55: 14 Days of Intermittent Hypoxia Doe
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Page 60 and 61: ReferencesAudran M, Gareau R, Matec
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study will be used to present apred
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ResultsTable 1. Mean environmental
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Figure 1 shows that path analysis o
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leg with greater total body waterwh
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2 Jeukendrup, A. E., W. H. M. Saris
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