Suited for Spacewalking pdf - Virtual Astronaut

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M e a s u r e m e n tThis activity guide makes use of the metric systemfor measurement. However, British units for measurementmay be listed in materials and tools listswhen particular items are more easily found inBritish measurement sizes. The pascal or metricunit for pressure may be unfamiliar to readers. Apascal is equal to a force of one newton exerted overan area of one square meter. Because the pascal is arelatively small unit, the more convenient unit ofkilopascal (1,000 pascals) is used here instead. Toconvert kilopascals to the British-system unit ofpounds per square inch, divide by 6.895.6 • Suited for Spacewalking An Activity Guide for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science, EG- 1 9 9 8 - 0 3 - 1 1 2 - H Q
Earth and SpaceIf we define an astronaut as som e one whot ra vels through space, eve ryone on Earth is ana s t ron a u t .E ven though we may be standing still onE a rth's surf a c e, we are actually tra veling thro u g hspace at speeds of thousands of kilometers perh o u r. I n d e e d , our planet may be thought of as aspaceship on a never-ending voy a g e . As "astronauts"tra veling through space on the surface ofE a rt h , we take for granted the complex env i ronmentthat sustains life . E a rt h’s gra v i t a t i onal attra c-t i on holds a dense atmosph e re of nitro g e n , ox y g e n ,ca rb on diox i d e, and water vapor in a thick enve l o p es u r rounding Eart h’s entire surf a c e . The weight ofthis atmosph e re exe rts pre s s u re, and its move m e n t sd i s t ribute heat from the Sun to balance global tempe ra t u re s . Its gases filter out harmful ra d i a t i on andd i s i n t e g rate all but the largest meteoro i d s . E a rt h’sa t m o s ph e re is a shell that protects and sustains thel i fe forms that have ev o lved on its surf a c e . Wi t h o u tthe atmosph e re’s pro t e c t i on , l i fe as pre s e n t lyk n own would not be possible.When Earth astronauts leave the surface oftheir planet and travel into space, they must carrysome of their environment with them. It must becontained in a physical shell because their bodymasses are too small to hold it in place by gravitationalattraction alone. The shell that is used iscalled a spacecraft—a rigid collection of metal,Earth as seen by the crew ofthe Apollo 17 Moon mission.glass,plastic,and composites.Though far simpler infunction than Earth’s environment, a spacecraft'senvironment serves well for short missions lasting afew days or weeks. On some flights, the shell isdeliberately opened and the astronauts pass throughan airlock to venture outside. When doing so, theymust be protected by a still smaller and very speci a l i zed ve r s i on of their spacecra ft ca lled theExtravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU).This smallerspacecraft is composed of a spacesuit with a lifesupportsystem. It differs from the first spacecraft,or mother ship, in its anthropomorphous (human)shape and its flexibility. Astronauts wearing EMUsSuited for Spacewalking An Activity Guide for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science, EG-1998-03-112-HQ • 7
Page 1: National Aeronauticsand Space Admin
Page 6 and 7: National Education StandardsThe act
Page 8 and 9: National Mathematics StandardsNatio
Page 12 and 13: need to be able to move arms, hands
Page 14 and 15: out in the vacuum of space.Dissolve
Page 16 and 17: Project MercuryEarly spacesuit desi
Page 18 and 19: to occur for the first time. As wit
Page 20 and 21: crew, an additional portable heat s
Page 22 and 23: and reentry, special orange-colored
Page 24 and 25: The SCU contains lines for power, c
Page 26 and 27: 17.Communications Carrier Assembly
Page 28 and 29: settings to be read. Setting number
Page 30 and 31: digital display on the chest-mounte
Page 32 and 33: Astronaut Joe Tanner works on the H
Page 34 and 35: humidity when oxygen is flowing fro
Page 36 and 37: The problem of picking up rocks and
Page 38 and 39: Bruce McCandless II pilots the MMU
Page 40 and 41: Mark C.Lee test flies the Simplifie
Page 42 and 43: STS-76 astronaut Michael R. Cliffor
Page 44 and 45: Spacesuit technicians test the mobi
Page 46 and 47: Future spacewalkers will roam the s
Page 48 and 49: Introduction:The steps spacesuit en
Page 50 and 51: Design BriefC o n t ex t :Spacesuit
Page 52 and 53: Interface Control DocumentPage 1 Of
Page 54 and 55: Pulley close-upviewthe buck e t . T
Page 56 and 57: to them. Use a metric ruler for mea
Page 58 and 59: steel would make an excellent micro
Page 60 and 61:
d ay or tw o, Ap o llo spacesuit ma
Page 63 and 64:
Sleeve and Leg TesterInflated segme
Page 65 and 66:
ity alone.If a scale were present,
Page 67 and 68:
Exploration BriefMicrometeoroids an
Page 69 and 70:
InvestigationPotato Astronaut—Par
Page 71 and 72:
Exploration BriefKeeping Your CoolC
Page 73 and 74:
AssessmentHave students design a gr
Page 75 and 76:
InvestigationInsulating LayersIn th
Page 77 and 78:
e nv i ronment experienced in Earth
Page 79 and 80:
Arm Range of Movement Data SheetSub
Page 81 and 82:
Body Size Range MeasurementsBased o
Page 83 and 84:
ProcedureStep 1. Obtain the materia
Page 85 and 86:
Magnified view oftire valve and cla
Page 87 and 88:
Extensions• Compare the stiffness
Page 89 and 90:
2. Tethers4. Connector Seal TestPla
Page 91 and 92:
9. Vacuum Experiment - 1Obtain an e
Page 93 and 94:
You can investigate neutral buoyanc
Page 95 and 96:
MMUMercuryORUPLSSRegolithRMSSCUSkyl
Page 97 and 98:
NA S A’s Central Ope ra tion of R
Page 99:
Suited for Spacew a l k i n gA Te a
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