Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen - Genres

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OH OH Sclareol ex Salvia sclarea H. SCHULZ For the analytical evaluation of genetic resources, several methods are in use. Volatile components are usually analysed by GC methods (GC-SPME, GC-O, GC-MS, etc.) or by electronic noses, whereas non-volatile components are determined by HPLC methods. But also spectroscopic methods are applied for the rapid and nondestructive measurement of plant constituents, especially in those cases if only small sample amounts are available and if rapid and non-destructive analyses have to be performed. Recently, several applications were described using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the prediction of several quality parameters in plants without performing any clean-up procedures. Applying these methods, valuable components such as carnosic acid and various essential oil substances can be simultaneously determined. Furthermore PCR-based methods are used for DNA-analysis or the detection of specific DNA sequences. But the pre-condition to apply these methods is to exactly know the coding sequences which are responsible for the expression of distinctive parameters. Figure 3 demonstrates the essential oil composition of various chamomile types. For pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, essential oils with the highest abisabolol content and a very low content of bisabolol oxides are preferred. As can be seen in the figure, the cultivar ‘Manzana’ with a high a-bisabolol and chama<strong>zu</strong>lene content shows the best match to this specification. Future activities should focus on the application of efficient analytical tools to screen the genetic resources with regard to valuable substances. As a result of these studies, when the complete data have been evaluated, new interesting compounds will be discovered or suitable plants for cultivation will be found. This will hopefully be the basis for the development of new cultivars with “added values”. OH OH CHO Ambrein Dihydro-?-jonone Fig. 2: Formation of ambra fragrance materials from sclareol + O 189
Utilisation of plant genetic resources for valuable raw materials References BRUNKE, E.-J. (1990): Essential oils as starting materials for the production of aroma chemicals. - Dragoco Report 37, 123-138. FENWICK, R.G. and A.B. HANLEY (1990): Processing of Alliums: Use in Food Manufacture. In: J.L. BREWSTER and H.D. RABINOWITCH (Eds.): Onions and Allied Crops, Volume III Biochemistry, Food Science and Minor Crops, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, USA. GILDEMEISTER, E. and F. HOFFMANN (1916): Die ätherischen Öle. Verlag von Schimmel and Co, Miltitz, Germany. HEGNAUER, R. (1978): Distribution and Chemotaxonomy of Essential Oils. In: ATAL, C.K. KAPUR and B.M. KAPUR (1989): Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants. Regional Research Laboratory Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Jammu-Tawi, India. LAWRENCE, B.M. (1981): Essential oils 1997-1980, p.17. Allured Publishing, Wheaton, USA. MERKEL, D. (1972): Riechstoffe. Akademie-Verlag GmbH, Berlin. 190 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Egypt East Europe Degumille' CH-29 E-40 Bodegold' Manzana' Tonia' bisabolon oxide bisabolol oxide B bisabolol oxide A bisabolol chama<strong>zu</strong>lene essential oil Fig. 3: Contents and composition of the essential oils of various chamomile cultivars collected at different locations
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Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen
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Preface Preface In October 2001, th
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Preface Asia. M. CHAUVET (Montpelli
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Table of contents Table of contents
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Table of contents Utilisation of pl
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Table of contents Federal Informati
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Recollections of Rudolf Mansfeld Af
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Recollections of Rudolf Mansfeld Ma
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Recollections of Rudolf Mansfeld MA
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R. Mansfeld’s scientific influenc
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History of Plant Genetic Resources
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History of Plant Genetic Resources
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Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricult
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The "Mansfeld Database" in its nati
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The "Mansfeld Database" in its nati
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A Species Compendium for Plant Gene
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Some notes on problems of taxonomy
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Theoretical and practical problems
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Development of Vavilov’s concept
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Multiple domestications and their t
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Ethnobotanical studies on cultivate
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Inventorying food plants in France
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The neglected diversity of immigran
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Unconscious selection in plants und
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R. V. BOTHMER, TH. V. HINTUM, H. KN
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Page 149 and 150: Diversity of African vegetable Sola
Page 165 and 166: Molecular diversity studies in two
Page 167 and 168: The history of the medieval vegetab
Page 179 and 180: Paintings from the 16 th to 18 th c
Page 181 and 182: Sugar beets and related wild specie
Page 193 and 194: Utilisation of plant genetic resour
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Page 203 and 204: Proof of long-term stored potato ge
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Page 212 and 213: Structure of table ScientificName L
Page 214 and 215: Genebank work for preservation of t
Page 216 and 217: Genebank work for preservation of t
Page 218 and 219: 206 S. CHEBOTAR, M.S. RÖDER, V. KO
Page 220 and 221: Molecular diversity in the genus Am
Page 228 and 229: A. DIEDERICHSEN, D. KESSLER, P. KUS
Page 230 and 231: A. DIEDERICHSEN, D. KESSLER, P. KUS
Page 232 and 233: D. ENNEKING and H. KNÜPFFER Fishin
Page 234 and 235: References D. ENNEKING and H. KNÜP
Page 236 and 237: A.A. FILATENKO, K. PISTRICK, H. KN
Page 246 and 247: Pyrus L. Secale L. Sorbus L. Trifol
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A.A. FILATENKO, K. PISTRICK, H. KN
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Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et Oh
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Lycopersicon Mill. Nicotiana L. Sal
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Pyrus communis L. Trachomitum sarma
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R. macropetalus Dougl. ex Hook. R.
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U. FREYTAG, G.H. BUCK-S ORLIN and B
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Tab. 1: Actual European strawberry
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H. GRAUSGRUBER, H. BOINTNER, R. TUM
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yield / plant (g) resistance score
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H. GRAUSGRUBER, H. BOINTNER, R. TUM
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E.R.J. KELLER, A. SENULA and H. SCH
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Molecular mapping and geographical
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English translation of the 1979 Rus
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Development and evaluation of a Bra
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Maca (Lepidium meyenii) - cultivati
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Maca (Lepidium meyenii) - cultivati
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Mansfeld's Encyclopedia and Databas
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Mansfeld's Encyclopedia and Databas
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The Information System On Plant Gen
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The Information System On Plant Gen
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Characterisation of spring barley g
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Evaluation of genetic resources for
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Establishment of a German Network f
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Establishment of a German Network f
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Central register for biological res
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Central register for biological res
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Federal Information System Genetic
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Federal Information System Genetic
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Identification of novel interspecif
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Morphological characters in garlic
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Resynthesised Brassica napus as a g
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Resynthesised Brassica napus as a g
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Temperate homegardens of small alpi
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List of participants List of Partic
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List of participants Fischer, Manfr
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List of participants Lühs, Wilfrie
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List of participants Ruge, Brigitte
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