Olkiluoto Biosphere Description 2006 (pdf) (4.1 MB) - Posiva

More documents

Recommendations

Info

7SiteGeoscienceCharacteristicsof spent fuelCanisterdesignRepositorydesignEngineeringProcessesEvolution ofsite and repositoryBiosphereScienceComplementaryevaluationsRadionuclidetransportRadiation safetyand regulationsSummaryFigure 1-2. Main reports of the Safety Case. The nature of the reports is indicated bythe colours of the boxes and the arrows show the most important transfers of knowledgeand data (Vieno & Ikonen 2005).For practical reasons and in order to provide consistent and transparent discussions andassessments, all biosphere matters will be dealt with in a Biosphere Assessment Reportat the main level of Safety Case reporting, instead of distributing them among the Site,Process, Evolution and Radionuclide Transport Reports (Vieno & Ikonen 2005). Elaboratediscussions and descriptions of modelling details will be reported as backgroundreports in the POSIVA Main Report and Posiva Working Report series.Posiva Biosphere AssessmentThe Biosphere Assessment Portfolio was introduced in the Safety Case Planning Report(Vieno & Ikonen 2005): Just as the overall Safety Case consists of main componentreports, of which Biosphere Assessment is one, the biosphere assessment is divided intoa number of more easily manageable components each producing one or more backgroundreports to be summarised and integrated at the Safety Case main level, i.e., inthe Biosphere Assessment Report, into a portfolio. Taking into account the overallneeds of Safety Case documentation and the modelling methods, some re-structuring ofthe original biosphere assessment has been done (Ikonen 2006). Instead of the manyrather extensive biosphere reports, a portfolio containing six thematic folders, eachcomprised of one or more reports, further supported by background reports, and a summaryreport has been organised (Fig. 1-3). The folder structure builds a more robustweb than the earlier plan for biosphere assessment depending largely on subsequentreporting. Possible weaknesses of a part do not migrate so easily throughout the entireassessment, and the workflow can be arranged in a more parallel manner.
8In addition to structuring the Biosphere Assessment Portfolio into thematic folders, thefolders are categorised into three levels: Science Reports aim to form the basis of realisticdiscussion for the assessment and to provide recommendations, in a form that is accessibleto the scientific community, for the further assessment modelling, where numeroussimplifications and assumptions are required. The technical documentation isthe bridge between the recommendations and the actual assessment. It describes theassessment models and the selected data. The assessment reports then include the actualradionuclide transport calculations of the concentrations in environmental media, andthe assessment of exposures to both humans and the other biota. Lastly, the summaryand full conclusions of the biosphere assessment are presented in the Biosphere SummaryReport, shown as the BS Assessment Report in the figure.Overlapping issuesGeosphere-biosphere interface Future human activities Knowledge Quality AssessmentSCIENCETECHNICSSite and its evolutionBiosphere at presentFuture terrainsFuture ecosystemsElement stocks and fluxesModule descriptionsWellAgricultural landTerrestrial ecosystemsAquatic ecosystemsDose calculation modulesTechnical modelling toolsBiosphere processesAquatic/marine ecosystemsWetlandsTerrestrial ecosystemsAgricultural land and other land-usesSoils and sediments and their developmentBiosphere assessment dataUniversal propertiesElement- (nuclide-)specific propertiesDerived site propertiesExposure factors (e.g. intake dose factors)Consumption and other living habitsASSESSMENTCases and variantsExposures of total environmentCalculation case 1Concentrations in environmental mediaCalculation case 2Comparison to natural stocks and fluxesCalculation case NAlternative indicatorsDiverse uses of environmental mediaDoses to members of publicEffects assessment to flora and faunaBiosphere assessment reportSummary (all folders and overlapping issues)Overall knowledge quality assessment (uncertainties and confidence)Conclusions on the long-term radiological impacts of the repositoryBiosphereAssessmentPortfolioFigure 1-3. Folder structure and main components of the Biosphere Assessment Portfolio(Ikonen 2006). This report is part of the Site and its evolution folder.
Page 1 and 2: POSIVA 2007-02Olkiluoto Biosphere D
Page 3 and 4: ISBN 978-951-652-150-6ISSN 1239-309
Page 5 and 6: Posiva-raportti - Posiva ReportPosi
Page 7 and 8: 29.3 Primary Production ...........
Page 10 and 11: 51 INTRODUCTION1.1 Olkiluoto SiteSp
Page 14 and 15: 91.2 This ReportThis biosphere desc
Page 16 and 17: 11The main emphasis is on the descr
Page 18: 132 LAND USE ON OLKILUOTO ISLANDOlk
Page 21 and 22: 16Figure 2-1. Base maps on Olkiluot
Page 24 and 25: 193 APPLIED AND AVAILABLE DATAWhen
Page 26 and 27: 21Table 3-1 cont'd. Applied and ava
Page 28 and 29: 23Table 3-3. Applied site generic d
Page 30 and 31: 254 CLIMATE, METEOROLOGY, AND CHEMI
Page 32 and 33: 27Table 4-2. Annual growth conditio
Page 34 and 35: 29Table 4-4. Annual average results
Page 36 and 37: 31The most reliable evidence for th
Page 38 and 39: 33last glaciation is roughly as sho
Page 40 and 41: 355 TOPOGRAPHY, BATHYMETRY AND SHOR
Page 42 and 43: 37Figure 5-2. Bedrock surface (m, a
Page 44 and 45: 39Figure 5-4. Bathymetry of the sea
Page 46 and 47: 41Figure 5-5. The postglacial land
Page 48: 43Figure 5-7. Topography of the Olk
Page 51 and 52: 46Figure 6-1. Structure and horizon
Page 53 and 54: 48The results of refraction seismic
Page 55 and 56: 506.4 Geochemistry of Soils on Olki
Page 57 and 58: 52soils at Olkiluoto, the base cati
Page 59 and 60: 54Soil Solution Results from Forest
Page 61 and 62: 56Figure 6-4. Thickness (m) of grou
Page 63 and 64:
58Figure 6-6. Main drainage areas o
Page 65 and 66:
60activity concentration (Bq/kg DW
Page 67 and 68:
62Table 6-7. Chemical characteristi
Page 69 and 70:
64Table 6-8. Total concentrations (
Page 71 and 72:
66Figure 7-2. Marine geological map
Page 73 and 74:
68The shallow water environment sur
Page 75 and 76:
706050OlkiluotoSouthwest Finland Fo
Page 77 and 78:
723530OlkiluotoSouthwest Finland Fo
Page 79 and 80:
74The ground-, field- and shrub-lay
Page 81 and 82:
76Sedges are also common, but where
Page 83 and 84:
78The mean carbon content in vegeta
Page 85 and 86:
808.1.4 RadionuclidesTable 8-3 show
Page 87 and 88:
82Figure 8-11. Volume of growing st
Page 89 and 90:
84Table 8-5. Game catches (number o
Page 91 and 92:
86an average of 0.7 collisions per
Page 94 and 95:
899 SEA ECOSYSTEMSThe state of the
Page 96 and 97:
91Lake1/Sea09Target area 1/SEA09Lak
Page 98 and 99:
93radation of plant residues. This
Page 100 and 101:
95Target Lake1/Sea09 area 1/SEA0945
Page 102 and 103:
972000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005350P
Page 104 and 105:
.99mg/m 33025TA Lake3/Sea083a/SEA08
Page 106 and 107:
101TA Lake1/Sea091/SEA0945004000350
Page 108 and 109:
103TA Lake1/Sea091/SEA09µg/l403530
Page 110 and 111:
105Table 9-2. Analysis results of s
Page 112 and 113:
107Lake1/Sea09Target area 1/SEA096T
Page 114 and 115:
109Lake3/Sea06Target area 3a/SEA066
Page 116 and 117:
.111Composite samples taken from th
Page 118 and 119:
113Figure 9-15. The proportions of
Page 120 and 121:
.115g/m 2450MacomaOthers40035030025
Page 122 and 123:
117According to the commercial fish
Page 124 and 125:
119caused by natural leaching is ap
Page 126 and 127:
12110 ECOSYSTEM MODELS FOR LAND AND
Page 128 and 129:
123UptakeEmissionNet productionCons
Page 130 and 131:
125Figure 10-2. The biomass distrib
Page 132 and 133:
127Table 10-4. Mean carbon content
Page 134 and 135:
129Figure 10-4. Preliminary estimat
Page 136 and 137:
13111 IDENTIFICATION OF RELEVANT LI
Page 138 and 139:
13312 CONSISTENCY AND CONFIDENCE AS
Page 140 and 141:
135Figure 12-1. Forest monitoring l
Page 142 and 143:
137quite minor. Despite that, it sh
Page 144 and 145:
139In Finland, a lot of generic for
Page 146 and 147:
141The effects of the Olkiluoto nuc
Page 148 and 149:
14312.4 Overall JudgementThe overal
Page 150 and 151:
145Table 12-2 cont'd. Evaluation of
Page 152 and 153:
14713 CONCLUDING REMARKSThis report
Page 154 and 155:
149The seabed sediment inventories
Page 156 and 157:
151The closest rivers are Eurajoki
Page 158 and 159:
153REFERENCESAario, L. 1932. Pflanz
Page 160 and 161:
155FAO-UNESCO 1988. Soil Map of the
Page 162 and 163:
157Huhta, A-P. & Korpela, L. 2006.
Page 164 and 165:
159Kauppi, P. E., Posch, M., Hänni
Page 166 and 167:
161Lahdenperä, A-M., Palmén, J. &
Page 168 and 169:
163Löfgren, A. & Lindborg, T. 2003
Page 170 and 171:
165Pajunen, H. (ed.) 2000. Carbon i
Page 172 and 173:
167trochilus) breeding close to a h
Page 174 and 175:
169Suomen ympäristökeskus & Aluee
Page 176 and 177:
APPENDIX A: MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS17
Page 178 and 179:
Figure A-3. Aquatic monitoring site
Page 180:
175Figure A-5. Reference areas ment
show all

Olkiluoto Biosphere Description 2006 (pdf) (4.1 MB) - Posiva

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?