Olkiluoto Biosphere Description 2006 (pdf) (4.1 MB) - Posiva

1TABLE OF CONTENTSABSTRACTTIIVISTELMÄPREFACE....................................................................................................................... 31 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 51.1 Olkiluoto Site..................................................................................................... 51.2 This Report ....................................................................................................... 91.3 Delineation of the Study Site .......................................................................... 112 LAND USE ON OLKILUOTO ISLAND................................................................... 133 APPLIED AND AVAILABLE DATA ........................................................................ 194 CLIMATE, METEOROLOGY, AND CHEMICAL DEPOSITION............................. 254.1 Current Climate and Meteorology................................................................... 254.2 Deposition....................................................................................................... 284.3 Past Climate and Vegetation .......................................................................... 305 TOPOGRAPHY, BATHYMETRY, AND SHORELINE DISPLACEMENT............... 355.1 Current Topography........................................................................................ 355.2 Current Bathymetry......................................................................................... 355.3 Land Uplift and Shoreline Displacement......................................................... 405.4 Past Topographical Development at Olkiluoto................................................ 426 OVERBURDEN ..................................................................................................... 456.1 General ........................................................................................................... 456.2 Podzolisation .................................................................................................. 456.3 Physical Properties of Soils on Olkiluoto ........................................................ 466.4 Geochemistry of Soils on Olkiluoto................................................................. 506.5 Mineralogy ...................................................................................................... 536.6 Hydrogeochemistry of Overburden................................................................. 536.7 Radionuclides in Soil ...................................................................................... 596.8 Wetlands......................................................................................................... 607 SEA SEDIMENTS.................................................................................................. 658 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS ............................................................................ 698.1 Terrestrial Vegetation ...................................................................................... 698.1.1 Habitats and Species............................................................................. 698.1.2 Biodiversity ............................................................................................ 768.1.3 Nutrient Concentrations ......................................................................... 778.1.4 Radionuclides ........................................................................................ 808.1.5 Estimates for the Larger Area................................................................ 808.2 Terrestrial Wildlife ............................................................................................ 838.2.1 Wildlife on Olkiluoto Island..................................................................... 838.2.2 Power Production Infrastructure and Terrestrial Wildlife ....................... 849 SEA ECOSYSTEMS.............................................................................................. 899.1 Physico-Chemical Water Quality ..................................................................... 899.2 Phytoplankton Production.............................................................................. 105